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Gender Diversity: Interview with Hans Hellendoorn

DEWIS is talking with Professor Hans Hellendoorn about women in science and equal opportunities at TU Delft. Hellendoorn is a professor of Control Theory and has been the head of the Cognitive Robotics Department at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering since April 2018. He has also held the position of Pro Vice Rector Joint Education Affairs since February 2021 and is acting as a replacement for the position of Vice President Education since 1 October 2024. In this interview, we discuss his ideas, priorities and aspirations for creating gender-diverse and inclusive work environments. If you enjoy academia, science and research, we invite you to join us. Strengthen and lend your voice to our team and we’ll work together to change the culture. These changes already underway and will continue gradually. Several women have already told me that this is a good place to work, so join us and see it for yourself. Prof. Hans Hellendoorn DEWIS has seen the departure of a lot of female talent over the past year. This included a number of female professors and many talented associate professors who got senior positions more quickly elsewhere. Why do you think this is? Hans: "Yes, I’ve noticed that too. It’s partly because technical universities are fishing from the same pond nationally and internationally. I conducted exit interviews with several women who said that they were not dissatisfied with Delft. They simply received attractive offers elsewhere, often from their home countries, which were likely motivational factors. It's important to continually reflect on why staff leave and to keep looking critically at ourselves." In autumn 2024, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) will start a pilot in the Talent Programme that is expected to lead to more allocations of Vidi grants to women. What’s your opinion on the developments in NWO's Talent Programme? Hans: "That’s undoubtedly a very good thing. If we want to grow the number of women inacademia and science, we need to temporarily introduce a preferential policy. And I can see the impact of this. According to the sector plans, we had to hire a certain percentage of women, which led to more women in the department. This initiated a culture change.Traditional thinking about academic careers has changed. This traditional thinking meant that women, and some men, were given fewer opportunities due to stereotypical views aboutacademic roles and unconscious biases in hiring and promotion policies. We have demonstrated the value of going about this in a different way." How did you become aware of your biases? Have you ever had 'implicit bias' training? Hans: "Although I haven’t had specific training on that, I have participated in workshops within the department. These were quite useful because I learned more about myself and my prejudices."Some people still say: "I just want to hire the best people for the job and don't look at colouror gender as part of the process." What would you say to those people? Hans: "I’ve noticed that professors tend to choose staff or PhD candidates who are similar to themselves. We like to think that we are hiring the best candidate, but they’re often a copy of ourselves. I consciously encourage them to hire people who bring something new or differentto the table. Diversity enriches the team and we’re better for it." W hat can the university do to highlight female talent at the university so that they have better opportunities to grow and flourish in their academic careers? Hans: "The career development committees assess candidates but apply a lot of implicitrules. While this has certain advantages, such as not only looking at H-indexes, it also brings risks. These implicit rules leave too much to the random composition of the committee and result in one-sided assessments. By making the benchmarks and criteria more explicit, we can include all the different aspects in the assessment." TU/Eindhoven's Irene Curie Fellowship programme is bearing fruit, as discussed in the article TU Eindhoven trekt na radicaal beleid spectaculair meer vrouwelijke medewerkers aan | de Volkskrant | deVolkskrant (TU Eindhoven attracts huge increase in female staff after radical policy).Wouldn't something like this also be a good idea for us? Hans: "I believe it would. If you want to increase the number of women in academic positions, you have to put energy and effort into incentive policies. We tried it for years without such measures and it had little effect. So it would seem that it is necessary." What would you suggest to promote the advancement of women at TU Delft?I strongly advocate the hiring of women. More women joining the TU Delft team means more women being able to advance in their careers. However, I take a rather cautious approach to promoting advancement because it can quickly raise eyebrows. Importantly, women should be given the same opportunities as men when it comes to places on career development committees. Combining family and an academic career is still often seen as a source of a lot of stress. Do you think enough is being done to change this perception? Hans: "I completely understand that point. Young women have to deal with a lot of challenges, including project-related issues that arise during their maternity leave, inadequate breastfeeding areas and overcrowded childcare facilities. Psychological complaints, such as having a colicky baby, can also weigh heavily. Instead of offering direct solutions, we should organise more listening sessions with young parents to discuss their experiences and look for solutions together. Unfortunately, maternity leave is often seen as a problem instead of a cause for celebration." Have you noticed changes within the university over the years when it comes to diversity and inclusion? What exactly has changed? How did that go? Hans: "It’s a lot different now compared to when I did my PhD in Computer Science. Back then it was a predominantly male community with women mainly in supporting roles. It is a lot more diverse now and there is a far greater understanding of the need for increased diversity." What is your vision of the ideal inclusive university of the future? Hans: We still take too narrow a view of the career path of an excellent academic and often place too much emphasis on traditional things such as the number of publications, grants and conference speeches. These are obviously important, but we must also learn to look at it from a broader perspective because there's more than one way to be an excellent academic.I hope we remain open to and create more space for these diverse paths and develop new forms of recognition and appreciation. Does your ideal inclusive university also need new leadership? Hans: "Yes, I think so. We can learn a lot from other universities, both nationally and internationally, in terms of leadership and regarding the process of choosing administrators. We don't have to adopt everything but we can certainly get some valuable insights. My biggest wish is for all of us to take staff issues seriously and not trivialise them." Society also demands a new kind of engineer - one who can help solve complex social issues.What additional skills are important for the engineers of the future? Hans: "Engineers used to provide solutions within our society, often with a 'here is the solution to your problem' mentality. Modern society is more empowered and outspoken and people demand that engineers listen more to their needs. So our new engineers must not only provide solutions but also be more attuned to what people really want, which requires adifferent approach to research and education. This will be more effective if our teams include a good balance of men and women and reflects the actual makeup of society as a whole." What would you say to women who are unsure whether an academic career is for them? Hans: "If you enjoy academia, science and research, we invite you to join us. Strengthen and lend your voice to our team and we’ll work together to change the culture. These changes are already underway and will continue gradually. Several women have already told me that this is a good place to work, so join us and see it for yourself." What advice would you give to women who encounter resistance in advancing to senior positions? Hans: "If something doesn’t seem right or fair, you need to discuss it with a colleague,manager or confidential adviser. You can also visit me if necessary. Patience is important because careers tend to develop slowly, mostly over a period of about 40 years. But injustices need to be addressed. We are now in a situation where that is not just possible, it’s actively encouraged." When do you foresee DEWIS no longer being needed? Hans: "DEWIS has facilitated a much greater understanding of the barriers women face.Cross-faculty organisations where people meet are important and must continue. We should stop DEWIS only when nobody comes to those meetings anymore." Questions or comments can be sent to dewis@tudelft.nl

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Students Amos Yusuf, Mick Dam & Bas Brouwer winners of Mekel Prize 2024

Master students Amos Yusuf, from the ME faculty (Mick Dam, from the EEMCS faculty and graduate Bas Brouwer have won the Mekel Prize 2024 for the best extra scientific activity at TU Delft: the development of an initiative that brings master students into the classroom teaching sciences to the younger generations. The prize was ceremonially awarded by prof Tim van den Hagen on 13 November after the Van Hasselt Lecture at the Prinsenhof, Delft. They received a statue of Professor Jan Mekel and 1.500,- to spend on their project. Insights into climate change are being openly doubted. Funding for important educational efforts and research are being withdrawn. Short clips – so called “reels” – on Youtube and TikTok threaten to simplify complex political and social problems. AI fakes befuddle what is true and what is not. The voices of science that contribute to those discussion with modesty, careful argument and scepticism, are drowned in noise. This poses a threat for universities like TU Delft, who strive to increase student numbers, who benefit from diverse student populations and aim to pass on their knowledge and scientific virtues to the next generation. It is, therefore, alarming that student enrolments to Bachelor and Master Programs at TU Delft have declined in the past year. Students in front of the class The project is aimed to make the sciences more appealing to the next generation. They have identified the problem that students tend miss out on the opportunity of entering a higher education trajectory in the Beta sciences – because they have a wrong picture of such education. In their mind, they depict it as boring and dry. In his pilot lecture at the Stanislas VMBO in Delft, Amos Yusuf has successfully challenged this image. He shared his enthusiasm for the field of robotics and presented himself as a positive role model to the pupils. And in return the excitement of the high school students is palpable in the videos and pictures from the day. The spark of science fills their eyes. Bas Brouwer Mick Dam are the founders of NUVO – the platform that facilitates the engagement of Master Students in high school education in Delft Their efforts offer TU Delft Master Students a valuable learning moment: By sharing insights from their fields with pupils at high school in an educational setting, our students can find identify their own misunderstandings of their subject, learn to speak in front of non-scientific audiences and peak into education as a work field they themselves might not have considered. An extraordinary commitment According to the Mekel jury, the project scored well on all the criteria (risk mitigation, inclusiveness, transparency and societal relevance). However, it was the extraordinary commitment of Amos who was fully immersed during his Master Project and the efforts of Brouwer and Dam that brought together teaching and research which is integral to academic culture that made the project stand out. About the Mekel Prize The Mekel Prize will be awarded to the most socially responsible research project or extra-scientific activity (e.g. founding of an NGO or organization, an initiative or realization of an event or other impactful project) by an employee or group of employees of TU Delft – projects that showcase in an outstanding fashion that they have been committed from the beginning to relevant moral and societal values and have been aware of and tried to mitigate as much as possible in innovative ways the risks involved in their research. The award recognizes such efforts and wants to encourage the responsible development of science and technology at TU Delft in the future. For furthermore information About the project: https://www.de-nuvo.nl/video-robotica-pilot/ About the Mekel Prize: https://www.tudelft.nl/en/tpm/our-faculty/departments/values-technology-and-innovation/sections/ethics-philosophy-of-technology/mekel-prize

New catheter technology promises safer and more efficient treatment of blood vessels

Each year, more than 200 million catheters are used worldwide to treat vascular diseases, including heart disease and artery stenosis. When navigating into blood vessels, friction between the catheter and the vessel wall can cause major complications. With a new innovative catheter technology, Mostafa Atalla and colleagues can change the friction from having grip to completely slippery with the flick of a switch. Their design improves the safety and efficiency of endovascular procedures. The findings have been published in IEEE. Catheter with variable friction The prototype of the new catheter features advanced friction control modules to precisely control the friction between the catheter and the vessel wall. The friction is modulated via ultrasonic vibrations, which overpressure the thin fluid layer. This innovative variable friction technology makes it possible to switch between low friction for smooth navigation through the vessel and high friction for optimal stability during the procedure. In a proof-of-concept, Atalla and his team show that the prototype significantly reduces friction, averaging 60% on rigid surfaces and 11% on soft surfaces. Experiments on animal aortic tissue confirm the promising results of this technology and its potential for medical applications. Fully assembled catheters The researchers tested the prototype during friction experiments on different tissue types. They are also investigating how the technology can be applied to other procedures, such as bowel interventions. More information Publicatie DOI : 10.1109/TMRB.2024.3464672 Toward Variable-Friction Catheters Using Ultrasonic Lubrication | IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore Mostafa Atalla: m.a.a.atalla@tudelft.nl Aimee Sakes: a.sakes@tudelft.nl Michaël Wiertlewski: m.wiertlewski@tudelft.nl Would you like to know more and/or attend a demonstration of the prototype please contact me: Fien Bosman, press officer Health TU Delft: f.j.bosman@tudelft.nl/ 0624953733

Een flexibele backstop als deel van de oplossing voor netcongestie

Uit naam van het TU Delft PowerWeb Institute overhandigen onderzoekers Kenneth Brunninx en Simon Tindemans op 12 november 2024 een Position Paper aan de Tweede Kamer, met een mogelijke oplossing voor de grote netwerkcapaciteit-problemen die in Nederland steeds vaker opspelen. Waarschijnlijk haalt Nederland de klimaatdoelen 2030 niet, en dat komt onder andere doordat de grote industrie niet snel genoeg kan overstappen op elektriciteit, mede doordat er steeds vaker problemen ontstaan rondom netwerkcapaciteit en netcongestie. Naar alle waarschijnlijk zullen die problemen dit decennium eerst zelfs toenemen, voordat ze kunnen afnemen, stellen de onderzoekers. De oplossing die de onderzoekers van het TU Delft PowerWeb Institute aanbieden, is de ‘flexibele backstop’. Met een flexibele backstop kan de huidige capaciteit van het elektriciteitsnet efficiënter gebruikt worden zonder aan veiligheid of betrouwbaarheid in te boeten. Een flexibele backstop is een veiligheidsmechanisme dat semiautomatisch en op korte termijn de hoeveelheid elektriciteit vermindert die een elektrische verbruiker van het elektriciteitsnet kan onttrekken (een elektrische laadpaal of een warmtepomp) of leveren (een PV-installatie). Het is een klein apparaatje dat is aangesloten of ingebouwd in een elektrische verbruiker, zoals een laadpaal of warmtepomp, en dat ‘communiceert’ met de distributienetwerkbeheerder. In geval van acute congestie op het netwerk geeft de netwerkbeheerder een signaal aan het apparaat om de hoeveelheid stroom te beperken. Duitsland heeft recent een vergelijkbaar systeem ingevoerd voor elektrische laadpalen. De backstop wordt enkel geactiveerd in periodes van acute congestieproblemen, nadat alle andere maatregelen uitgeput zijn. “Het opwaarderen van het elektriciteitsnetwerk blijft essentieel, maar zal in de praktijk nog jaren duren. Er is dus behoefte aan kortetermijnoplossingen die geïntegreerd kunnen worden in de langetermijnplanning. Wij, de leden van het TU Delft PowerWeb Institute, roepen de overheid, netwerkbeheerders en regulator op om de flexibele backstop als extra veiligheidsmaatregel voor het netwerk te onderzoeken”, aldus de onderzoekers. Het gehele paper is hier te lezen. Kenneth Bruninx is universiteit hoofddocent bij de faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management, waar hij met kwantitatieve modellen energiebeleid, regulering en marktontwerp evalueert. Simon Tindemans is universitair hoofddocent in de Intelligent Electrical Power Grids groep van faculteit Elektrotechniek, Wiskunde en Informatica. Hij doet onder andere onderzoek naar onzekerheid en risicomanagement voor elektriciteitsnetwerken. Het TU Delft PowerWeb Institute ontwerpt het elektriciteitsnetwerk van de toekomst.

25 year celebration of formal collaboration between Delft University of Technology and the University of Campinas

On 25 October 2024 we celebrated 25 years of formal collaboration between Delft University of Technology and the University of Campinas. What began as a project to exchange some students in chemical engineering has now grown to a multifaceted and broad academic collaboration which accumulated into 24 joint research projects (>20 M Euro); 16 advanced courses and 15 Doctors with a Dual Degree PhD. Patricia Osseweijer, TU Delft Ambassador Brazil explained, “We are proud to show and reflect on this special day the added value we created resulting from our joint activities. The lessons we learned demonstrate that especially continuity of funds and availability for exchanges has contributed to joint motivation and building trust which created strong relations. This is the foundation for academic creativity and high-level achievements.” The program presented showcases of Dual Degree projects; research activities and education. It discussed the future objectives and new fields of attention and agree on the next steps to maintain and strengthen the foundation of strong relations. Telma Franco, Professor UNICAMP shared that “joint education and research has substantially benefitted the students, we see that back in the jobs they landed in,” while UNICAMP’s Professor Gustavo Paim Valenca confirmed that “we are keen to extend our collaboration to more engineering disciplines to contribute jointly to global challenges” Luuk van der Wielen highlighted that “UNICAMP and TU Delft provide valuable complementary expertise as well as infrastructures to accelerate research and innovation. Especially our joint efforts in public private partnerships brings great assets” To ensure our future activities both University Boards have launched a unique joint program for international academic leadership. This unique 7-month program will accommodate 12 young professors, 6 from each university. The programme began on 4 November 2024 in Delft, The Netherlands.