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PhD and MSc Theses

Through their work, MSc and PhD students contribute to our scientific and societal impact with many, often timeless topics. We list a number of completed projects below. Further details regarding these can be found in the TU Delft Repository . If you're looking for a subject for your master thesis the below might provide you with a source of inspiration. For more information please contact Prof.dr.ir. Lori Tavaszy . PhD Graduates Please find below the links to relevant keyword searches with filters in the repository. These are suggestions for searching under the given category. Logistics (Filter: Doctoral Thesis) | Freight (Filter: Doctoral Thesis) More customized searches can be made in the TU Delft Repository . A few sample titles have also been listed below. PhD Graduates Thesis Title (For report, see TU Delft Repository ) Graduation Halim, R.A. Strategic Modeling of Global Container Transport Networks 13/03/2017 Wan Ahmad, W.N.K. Contextual Factors of Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practices in the Oil and Gas Industry 16/09/2016 Anand, N. An Agent Based Modelling Approach for Multi-Stakeholder Analysis of City Logistics Solutions 17/09/2015 Davydenko, I.Y. Logistics Chains in Freight Transport Modelling 26/05/2015 Dente, S. The stakes of circulation in sustainable societies: logistics and functional economy 11/09/2013 Zhang, M. A Freight Transport Model for Integrated Network, Service, and Policy Design 22/08/2013 Van Duin, J.H.R. Logistics Concept Development in Multi-Actor Environments 23/10/2012 Mahr, T. Vehicle Routing under Uncertainty 21/09/2011 MSc Graduates Please find below the links to relevant keyword searches with filters in the repository. These are suggestions and examples for searching under the given category. Logistics (Filter: Master Thesis) | Freight (Filter: Master Thesis) More customized searches can be made in the TU Delft Repository . A few sample titles have also been listed below. MSc Graduates Thesis Title (For report, see TU Delft Repository ) Graduation Izaak Geursen Airline Fleet Planning Problem using Reinforcement Learning **/01/2021 Klifman, M. Fast train service for fresh produce (FastForward) 21/12/2020 Bharadwaj, I. Efficiency of distribution centre trips (Rijkswaterstaat) 14/12/2020 Strikwerda, N. Automated air cargo terminal design (NACO) 27/11/2020 Mientjes, G. Port strategy in the Physical Internet (P.A. Rotterdam) 23/11/2020 Ramasubramaniam, S. Industry 4.0 and supply chain resilience 23/11/2020 Valdivia, D, IT architecture for self-organizing transport (Primevision) 30/10/2020 Liu, R. Strategic fit between innovations and supply chains 22/10/2020 Honk, Q. van Design of a construction logistics hub (City of Amsterdam) 16/10/2020 Duurling, K. van Shared last-mile parcel delivery (Significance) 09/10/2020 Chung, E. Citywide LEV charging networks (Districon) 28/09/2020 Houtsma, Y, A self-organizing parcel network (Primevision) 28/09/2020 Lomba Vrouenraets, M. Optimizing can procurement for a brewer (Heineken) 25/09/2020 Schutte, N. Collaborative ground handling of air freight (Schiphol) 25/09/2020 Son, K. van der Perceptions of Physical Internet (City of Rotterdam) 21/09/2020 Vermeulen, M. Impact of actor interactions within a port call (Maersk) 10/09/2020 Pronk, E. New mobility and network resilience (TNO) 31/08/2020 Nijland, D. A company level Industry 4.0 innovation roadmap (Yara) 26/08/2020 Ijaz, M. A game for sharing logistics (TU Delft Gamelab) 26/08/2020 Luik, S. van Digital/physical Internet analogy 21/08/2020 Meulblok, V. Consolidation of parcel networks (PostNL) 17/08/2020 Jaap-Jan van der Steeg Berth Planning and Disruption Recovery: A Simulation Approach (Macomi) **/07/2021 Arjun, N. Urban delivery network optimization with EV’s (Panteia) 21/07/2020 Alebeek, S. van Optimization of ground handling of air freight (Schiphol) 12/06/2020 Genius, A. Parcel locker network optimization (TNO) 12/05/2020 Helmer, J. Patient allocation for hospitals (Franciscus Vlietland) 06/03/2020 Johanna Korte An Aircraft and Schedule Integrated Approach to Improve Cockpit Crew Pairings (Transavia) **/12/2019 Eijkern, A. van Hybrid warehouse configurations at IKEA 19/12/2019 Schoot, C. van der Store replenishment strategies for Albert Heijn 13/12/2019 Karamanou, M. Material hub for circular waste management 13/12/2019 Boogaard, R. van den Freight network model and strategies for Brazil 13/12/2019 Kreumer, J. Optimization of reservation system for Center Parks 10/12/2019 Caminada, S. Game based choice modelling for physical internet 04/12/2019 Kallioupi, K. Supply chain mapping for concrete recycling 27/11/2019 Kang, Z. Evaluation of perishable goods storage options for KLM 22/11/2019 Maarse, N. Anticipatory information for gate boarding at KLM 20/11/2019 De Vries, M. Effects of internalization policies on modal shift (Panteia) 18/11/2019 Vlot, Th. Self-organizing routing in parcel networks (Primevision) 18/11/2019 Frouws, E. Healthcare logistics demand mapping for PostNL 13/11/2019 Loubna Aammari Solving the Less-Than-Container Load Shipping Problem over Multiple Ports (Ab Ovo) **/10/2019 Gan, Z. Simulation model for the port Nautical Chain (PoR) 21/10/2019 Apparcel, M. Modelling of contextual factors of port choice 27/09/2019 Nasir, M. Firm synthesis method for freight modelling 26/09/2019 Navneet, K. Robustness of multimodal transport networks 24/09/2019 Ter Laag, M. Transferable urban freight model for CO­ 2 reduction 23/09/2019 Hilverda, I. Logistics of batteries for e-vessels in the port 16/09/2019 Verbruggen, L. Benchmarking of asset management in maritime ports 16/09/2019 Martinez de Ubago, M. Scenarios for ports in the Physical Internet 30/08/2019 Shrivastava, S. Information flow design for outsourced production 30/08/2019 Kastanya, G. AI based prescriptive model for vehicle type use at DHL 30/08/2019 Zamorano de Blas, R. Supply chain loss reduction management at Kraft-Heinz 29/08/2019 Janse, E. Inventory management of counter retail medicines 29/08/2019 Wei Wu, T. Optimization of Schiphol’s cargo handling processes 26/08/2019 Raj, R. Transport delay management for a large chemical plant 23/08/2019 Sitorus, I. Indonesia’s freight network design under uncertainty 23/08/2019 Menno Oudshoorn Solving a Real-World Rail Maintenance Scheduling Problem using Meta-Heuristic Algorithms (Macomi) **/07/2019 Munsters, D. Decision rules for KLM spare part maintenance 15/07/2019 Locht, J. Information reliability modelling for port processes 15/07/2019 Voster, J. Adaptive policy for ports in physical internet scenarios 12/07/2019 Bosdijk, N. Simulation model for KLM spare part maintenance 12/07/2019 Saraber, I. Optimization of air cargo network configurations for KLM 04/06/2019 Munters, A. Multi-stakeholder design of container terminal in Ethiopia 26/04/2019 Wiel, D van Effects of automation on port traffic management 24/04/2019 Steenhuis, B. Strategic logistic network design for a pure-play E-grocer 01/04/2019 Van Alphen, M. Sorting center layout for PostNL 13/02/2019 Bhat, M. Contextual factors of sustainable supply chain practices 20/12/2018 Pandarahally, J. The contribution of ERP to Green supply chain performance: 14/11/2018 Bal, I. A simultaneous vehicle type/shipment size choice model 22/10/2018 Wicaksono, S. Market Potential of Bicycle Crowd-shipping 15/10/2018 Thoen, S. A behavioral shipment-based model of freight tour formation 15/10/2018 Karampelas, D. Cooperation policies for rail in the port hinterland 11/10/2018 Hasanah, U. Collaboration in Intermodal Inland Waterway Transportation 08/10/2018 Angoudi, R. Multi-stakeholder assessment of city logistics using BWM 28/09/2018 Rajkov, D. Blockchain for aircraft spare part management 20/09/2018 Altimani, M. Demand Forecasting for Cosmetics Manufacturer 31/08/2018 Delucchi, F. Predicting the results of City Hub’s Business model 27/08/2018 Diran, D. Fleet Optimization for Offshore Substation Maintenance 27/08/2018 Tim Jonker Optimising Container Handling Equipment Operations on a Container Terminal (TBA) **/07/2018 Ellens, M. Location of multi-facility machinery manufacturing 20/07/2018 Tsilimeni, A. Blockchain technology in Crude Palm Oil Supply chain 25/05/2018 Garcia Milan, M. Global Data Synchronization Network for Consumer Goods 26/03/2018 Wong, W. Measuring operational efficiency of mail delivery 23/02/2018 Evers, J. Demand forecast models for online supermarkets (Picnic) 12/02/2018 Bank, D. Factors causing peak energy consumption of reefers 12/02/2018 De Bruijn, J. Transparence in the consumer goods chain with blockchain 22/01/2018 Rouppe vd Voort, M. Matching shipments with the idle capacity of barges 18/01/2018 Kalicharan, S. IoT in an avocado supply chain 18/12/2017 An, R. Visibility in Physical Internet Ports: architecture design 18/12/2017 Mol, M. Synchronized End-State Cross-Docking for Online Grocer 23/10/2017 Vaessen, M. Virtual Demand Point for order allocation at Heineken 09/10/2017 Beemster, D. The floriculture chain for the year 2025 (FloraHolland) 09/10/2017 Munaron, V. Demand Volatility at Infineon Technologies 29/09/2017 Dimitripoulos, H. Collaborative Approach to Supply Network Planning 18/09/2017 Meijs, L. Global Air Cargo Flows Estimation Based on OD Trade Data 07/09/2017 Nunez-Araya, P Supply base analysis, a process-based approach 30/08/2017 Gatti, F. The impact of logistics consulting in the humanitarian sector 28/08/2017 Scarabello, E. A sustainability maturity for medical device manufacturers 28/08/2017 He, Y. Responsible integrated passenger and freight transportation 28/08/2017 Aelfers, S. Sustainable transport packaging solutions for dry groceries 25/08/2017 Papakonstantinou, Th. Sustainability Criteria in Package Design 25/08/2017 Sickler, F. KLM Cargo chain: trucking and data communication 24/08/2017 Busse, T. Platooning on a string of intersections 23/08/2017 Francisconi, M. Blockchain technology in port logistics (PortBase) 22/08/2017 Kaynak, D. Distribution Network Design Healthcare Service Parts 21/08/2017 Brandt, J. Order pairing in the Petrol Station Replenishment Problem 14/07/2017 De Groot, F. Co-innovation of Small-Scale City Logistics Facilities 22/05/2017 Mastenbroek, I. Redesigning process of debriefing parcels at PostNL 15/05/2017 Van Beuningen, J. Business model design for flower delivery with E-bikes 27/03/2017 Van Roekel, W. Improving international logistics performance measurement 20/03/2017 Clearesta, E. Multimodal Freight Transport Network Design for Indonesia 20/02/2017 Van de Vorst, W. Predicted and planned spare parts management (RET) 02/12/2016 Liu, W. Importance of Factors for Transport Modes in Freight 01/12/2016 Kothadiya, O. Service quality for airline ground services 25/11/2016 Tali, B. Container shippers' freight transport mode choice behavior 30/09/2016 Stubbé, F. Logistical processes for 2020 at Royal FloraHolland 30/09/2016 Ramic, D. Development of tri-modal inland container terminal: CTT 28/09/2016 Postma, E. A strategic air freight forecasting model 08/09/2016 Kishore, A. Estimation of vehicle stop time during last mile deliveries 29/08/2016 Parolas, G. ETA prediction for containerships at the Port of Rotterdam 24/08/2016 Martila, L. Establishment of logistics clusters in Indonesia 24/08/2016 Fahmiasari, H. Inland Logistics Hub in North Sulawesi Province 24/08/2016 De Milliano, A. Supply concept for nanostores at NS train stations 18/08/2016 Esteban, L. Implications of 3D printing on pharmaceutical logistics 07/07/2016 Robroeks, J. Matching for horizontal collaboration in road transport 30/05/2016 Van Wulffen Palthe, L. Port selection based on attraction and competition 23/05/2016 Lecona, J. Pricing Approach for Synchromodal Transportation 29/04/2016 Beck, S. Refugee Camp Logistics 10/03/2016 Schonewille, G. Transport Cost for Freight Carriers on the Last Mile 18/02/2016 Braams, P. Vertical Collaboration in a Two-Level Supply Chain 22/01/2016 Faisal, A.A. Designing National Freight Maritime Network in Indonesia 18/12/2015 Bauwens, J.M.O. A Dynamic Roadmap for City Logistics towards 2025 19/11/2015 Meissner, C. Trust building in logistics cooperations: a conceptual model 05/11/2015 Ramgolam, R.W. Designing an approach to reduce carton waste 29/10/2015 Van den Berg, M. LNG as fuel for inland waterway vessels 30/09/2015 Oomen, V.A.M. The wasted Disposables in Dutch Hospital’s health care 04/09/2015 Degen, M.J.M. Design and evaluation of a Trust-tool in a VMI-environment 28/08/2015 Sonneveld, A.M.H. Uncertainties in the dairy future of Sub-Saharan Africa 27/08/2015 Nispeling, T. Multi-Criteria Supplier Selection in the Edible Oil Industry 27/08/2015 Lee, Y. Dealing with carbon credit points in city logistics domain 09/07/2015 Tzimourtos, G. Air Freight Transport: strategic modelling on global scale 01/06/2015 Rakers, T.J. Design of the process flow of surgical instrument trays 08/05/2015 Van den Berg, S.G. The created value of an Urban Consolidation Centre 26/03/2015 Nyabusore, J.C. Green Freight Supply Chain Leadership 13/03/2015 Ye, M. The Impact of 3D Printing on the World Container Transport 12/03/2015 Heij, R. Peak shaving electricity consumption at container terminals 23/02/2015 Bakker, S.W. Improving the performance of the trolley supply chain 26/11/2014 Sadaghiani, S. External Forces Affecting Supply Chain Sustainability 26/11/2014 Wang, J. Supplier Development for Different Supplier Segments 31/10/2014 Van Gool, B. Servitization framework for capital equipment manufacturers 28/10/2014 Hjortnaes, T. Repositioning of empty containers in the Dutch hinterland 28/10/2014 Slabbekoorn, M. Diversity of perspectives in urban freight consolidation 20/10/2014 Zou, R. Effects of container transport on global CO2 emissions 17/10/2014 Vijfhuizen, F.W. Operational Efficiency of Discrete Production Processes 09/10/2014 Wanders, G.D.B.W. Shippers' service preferences for container transport 03/10/2014 Hemmes, A.F. Optimization of the freight chain of KLM Cargo 28/08/2014 Butt, M.N.A. Logistics Transition Plan for Heineken Ethiopia 25/08/2014 Bojada, M. Risk Management at RandstadRail 17/07/2014 Liao, F. Chinese Consumer Preferences for Electric Vehicles 17/07/2014 Van der Veen, V.G. Sustainability in the cost-to-serve framework 23/06/2014 Vana, C. Supplier management approach with carbon performance 08/05/2014 Fahim, P.B.M. Multi-criteria supplier selection in the airline retail industry 31/01/2014 Khaliq, M.F. Improving the forecasting performance of Purac 23/12/2013 Bronsing, M. KLM cargo flow allocation optimization at Schiphol 20/12/2013 Delawari, A.A. Shared Situational Awareness between port inland actors 18/12/2013 Becker, M.J.C. Reconsidering car parts aftermarket distribution network 10/12/2013 Bosschaart, M. Lean Engineering Design of Rail Interlocking Systems 11/10/2013 De Vries, E.J. Inter Terminal Transport captured in an ontology 12/09/2013 Schmidt, F. Supply Chain Trends impacting the Air Cargo Industry 30/08/2013 Hashemi Ahmadi, M. Retail cash handling processes at Airport Schiphol 29/08/2013 Ozkale, B. Forecasting and Modelling of Cash Payments at Retail Stores 29/08/2013 Ankersmit, S. From vertical to horizontal collaboration in air cargo 30/05/2013 Hooijmaijers, S.C. Design and feasibility analysis of a freight hub in Amsterdam 13/12/2012 Le Fever, G. Leading Indicators for the Port of Rotterdam’s throughput 13/12/2012 Farhanieh , S. Toyota Europe’s Freight Activity Outlook – 2030 07/12/2012 D'Engelbronner, R.L. Air Cargo handling demand forecasting 26/11/2012 Jeuken, J.J. Organic food wholesale strategies 01/10/2012 Van Gaalen, B. A vendor rating model for CEVA 30/08/2012 Fan, Y. Integrative planning of deliveries for construction projects 20/08/2012 Ahmed , S. Improving the performance green supply chain practices 05/07/2012 Van Kessel, S.P. Barriers for introducing a shared container stock system 31/05/2012 Van Diepen, A.P. Modelling global scenarios for the port of Rotterdam 27/01/2012 Van der Lande, A. Operational performance of KLM´s Baggage Services. 19/01/2012 Westerhof, S. Forecasting & Planning at CEVA Logistics The Hague 31/12/2011 Defares, D.L. Future container transport to and from the Dutch hinterland 04/11/2011 Van Baar, C.M. Decision support model for inbound logistics 07/10/2011 Hogenelst, J. Sustainable measures for the fleet of DHL Express NL 05/10/2011 Subramanian, S. Reconfiguring supply chains over the product life cycle 30/09/2011 Higuera Rueda, M.C. LNG Logistics under Arctic Conditions 31/08/2011 Liu, C. Benefits of a single shared stock of containers 26/08/2011 Celik, M. Raw materials business continuity plan: SABIC 22/08/2011 Janssen, M.F.M. Redesign of the inter-sorting centre at PostNL 18/08/2011 Van Rossum, J.A. Workload model for Heineken Netherlands Supply 26/05/2011 Yang, M. An ontology for a City Logistics ABM 25/05/2011 Hartevelt, R. Supply chain planning at Philips Lighting Lumileds 14/04/2011 Posthuma, C.L. Port competition modelling for Rotterdam Port 31/03/2011 Van Wijgerden, I. Transparency in resource utilization of DHL Express NL 31/01/2011 Krukkert, R. Redesign of the logistical system of Schiphol Airport Retail 28/01/2011 Papaprokopiou, D. An application of construction logistics analysis: Delft 26/11/2010 Van den Driest, M. Reducing CO2-emissions of container transport in NL 31/10/2010 Van Kolck, A.H. Multi-agent model for an Urban Distribution Centre 14/10/2010 Drost, F.D.E. Spare Parts Categorization in the Defense Organization 28/09/2010 Van Zundert, H.C.W. Off-Airport Baggage Check-In for Airport Schiphol 26/08/2010 Van De Gazelle, D. Safety Stock: save stock or save service? 04/12/2009 Bovenkerk, M.H.G. Leegvaart binnen het BinnenVaart ModelSysteem 02/05/2000 Viswat, C.H. Underground High-Speed Transport in Europe 01/08/1998 Groothedde, B. A multimodal freight network model for the Netherlands 01/01/1997

Delft Female Impact Fund

Delft Female Impact Fund Do you want to contribute to a more inclusive and inspiring environment for TU Delft students where women and men can use their full potential to make a sustainable impact on society? Do you want to contribute to supporting young, technically oriented women in their personal (leadership) development, during their studies and start of their career? Then donate to the Delft Female Impact Fund! Active community for inspiration and support Despite the growing number of female students at TU Delft, women in leadership positions in technical environments (and in society as a whole) are lagging behind in numbers. Research shows that young women with a technical background experience barriers (in behavior, environment, system) that prevent them from fully utilizing their potential. They regularly face unique challenges because of being a woman. A group of female Delft alumni wants to put a spotlight on and tackle these challenges. Because there are many opportunities for improvement. That is why they launched the Delft Female Impact Community and related Fund at the end of 2023. Their mission is to build an active community of Delft female alumni, across multiple generations, who know how to find each other for inspiration and support, and to contribute together to raising awareness within and outside the TU Delft ecosystem about the limited inclusivity for female students and young alumnae, and the negative consequences that can result from this. One of the initiatives is the establishment of a dedicated fund, the Delft Female Impact Fund, to reinforce the community's mission and provide financial support to community initiatives. A fund under the umbrella of Delft University Fund, driven by female alumni. Your donation supports impactful action! With its financial contributions to various initiatives of the Community, the Delft Female Impact Fund wants to fully commit to raising awareness among everyone in the TU Delft ecosystem, of (in)visible barriers for female students and young alumni. The Fund therefore finances, among other things, qualitative research among female students and alumni (carried out in 2024), an (yet to be developed) online mentoring matching tool (for a scalable and accessible connection between alumni and students, and alumni among themselves) and targeted activities for students (m/f) and alumni, via masterclasses and workshops in the field of awareness about inclusivity, (personal) leadership and team dynamics. Besides financially, you can also contribute in other ways. Donate your network, time and knowledge by becoming a member of the Delft Female Impact Community . Read more and sign up here Donate to the Delft Female Impact Fund There are several options for donating directly. You can donate once, monthly, quarterly, every six months or annually. You can also make a periodic donation with a tax advantage. Please choose from below. Donation via notarial deed One time donation Recurring donation Donation via notarial deed By making a donation via notarial deed, you make a structural gift to the Delft Female Impact Fund. Your gift is recorded in writing in a notarial or private donation agreement (PDF) . A condition for this is that the term is at least five years, whereby an amount is donated at least once a year. More information The advantage of a donation via notarial deed If you opt for a notarial deed, your gift is fully deductible from your taxable income. This means that you will receive a part of your gift back from the tax authorities. Your advantage can be up to 49,5%; the amount depends on your income, the income of your tax partner and your age. You can calculate an indication of the benefit with the gift calculator . The agreement does not bare any additional costs and does not require the assistance of a notary. How does it work? The agreement applies to residents of the Netherlands Decide what amount per year you want to donate. Fill in the donation agreement ( you can download it here ). Mail the donation agreement to Ufonds@tudelft.nl Delft University Fund will return the agreement to you after processing. You use the transaction number on the agreement for your tax return. Didi te Gussinklo Ohmann TU Delft alumna and board member Delft University Fund “By connecting as many female Delft students and alumni as possible, sharing knowledge and experience, with strong interaction between different generations, finding each other, working together and helping each other. This way we can make a difference in all the organisations where we work and increase the impact 'for a better society'!” Karin Sluis TU Delft alumna and chair Delft University Fund “The world is facing major challenges such as the energy transition, circular economy and good healthcare. We believe that more involvement of female alumni leads to more impact 'for a better society'. Because the best solutions for complex challenges come from teams with diversity and inclusion.” Floor van Wingerden TU Delft alumna "Despite an extensive ecosystem in and around TU Delft that facilitates start-ups and scale-ups, there are relatively few female students and graduates who become entrepreneurs. Why is that? And above all, what can we do about it?" Questions or suggestions? Very welcome! Please contact: Relationship management & Development Lisette Forbes Wels +31 (0) 6 28914137 e.j.m.forbeswels@tudelft.nl universiteitsfonds.tudelft.nl Relationship management & Development drs. Ingrid Janssen +31 (0) 6 28557477 I.B.A.Janssen@tudelft.nl universiteitsfonds.tudelft.nl

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NWO grants funding for innovative research on physical experimental environments

How to move from experiment to mainstream? A consortium led by professor Tamara Metze, has been awarded a prestigious grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). In search for pathways toward more sustainable futures, Metze and her team will explore how various innovations in field labs such as The Green Village, in urban living labs such as Engy Lab South-East in Amsterdam, and in all sorts of citizens’ initiatives, can be mainstreamed and make more impact on sustainability transitions. Pilot paradox The project ‘From EXperiment to sustainable change: TRAnsformative methodologies for Innovation and learning’ (EXTRA) seeks to overcome a persistent “pilot paradox”. In this paradox, much experimentation takes place but long-term systemic impact remains difficult. Researchers together with all sorts of change makers will synthesise existing knowledge on how to mainstream, upscale, spread, broaden and deepen developed innovations. Tamara Metze: ‘I am excited to unravel what are effective ways of cocreation that lead to mainstreaming the positive changes made in experimental environments. We will figure out how learning and innovation can lead to lasting changes in regulations, policies, and financial systems and the biophysical environment.’ Tamara Metze Read the NWO press release Actionable tools The project is crucial for accelerating sustainability transitions. By refining methodologies for mission-driven experimentation and develop hands on tools for all sorts of change-makers, it will be easier to mainstream the sustainable lessons and innovations. ‘These tools will not only aid grassroots innovators but also influence institutional and organisational structures, ensuring that lessons learned from experiments are better anchored in policies, regulations, and organisations’, explains Metze. The project will employ a transdisciplinary action research approach, bringing together knowledge from various disciplines and policy domains. By co-creating solutions with public and private partners, the research will have an immediate impact. In the long term, the project aims to build a more efficient innovation ecosystem, contributing to more impactful and sustainable outcomes for both society and the environment. Projectpartners TU Delft, VU Amsterdam, Wageningen University & Research, Hogeschool van Amsterdam, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Hogeschool Rotterdam, The Green Village, AMS Institute; PBL Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving, WoonFriesland, Dijkstra Draisma, Provincie Noord-Holland, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken, PRICE / Almere, BouwLab, Alliantie Samen Nieuw-West, Innovation Quarter.

Unusual waves grow way beyond known limits

Waves that come from multiple directions are extremer than extreme. These remarkable deep-sea waves can be four times steeper than what was previously imagined, as is shown in research by TU Delft and other universities that was published in Nature today. A long time ago, stories were told of mysterious rogue waves that materialised out of nowhere and could topple even the largest ships. These waves lost their mythical character when the first rogue wave was recorded at the Draupner platform in the North Sea. In 2018, Ton van den Bremer and his colleagues at the Universities of Edinburgh and Oxford managed to recreate the Draupner wave in the lab for the first time ever, and this opportunity to study freak waves closely produced unexpected insights. Multiple waves push up water New research by the research consortium now shows that these remarkable waves do not break when traditional theories hold they should, the secret behind which lies in how they arise. Ton van den Bremer, expert on fluid mechanics at TU Delft and led the study, explains: “When most people think of waves, they think of the rolling waves you’d find on a beach. The type of wave we studied occurs in open water and arises when waves coming from multiple directions come together. When these waves with a high directional spread converge, the water is pushed upwards, forming a partially standing wave. An example of this is known as a crossing wave. How crossing waves arise Under certain conditions at sea, waves from multiple directions occur. This can happen in a place where two seas meet, or where winds suddenly change direction, as in a hurricane. When waves from two directions meet, a cross wave occurs, provided their directions are far enough apart. The study also shows that the further apart the directions are, the higher the resulting cross-wave. Travelling waves break when they reach a certain limit, this is when they reach their maximum steepness. The study shows that waves with a multidirectional spreading can get as much as 80% steeper than this limit before they start breaking, which means they can get almost twice as high as ‘normal waves’ before they start to break. Travelling wave (l) and a wave with high directional spreading (r) Breaking waves that grow Next, the researchers found another highly unusual phenomenon that defies existing theories, a phenomenon that is unprecedented according to Van den Bremer: “Once a conventional wave breaks, it forms a white cap, and there is no way back. But when a wave with a high directional spreading breaks, it can keep growing.” The study shows that these enormous waves can grow to twice their original steepness while breaking, which is already twice bigger than the conventional limit. Together, the waves can grow four times steeper than previously thought possible. Damage to offshore structures The knowledge that multidirectional waves can become as much as four times larger than was deemed possible can help design safer marine structures. "The three-dimensionality of waves is often overlooked in the design of offshore wind turbines and other structures in general; our findings suggest this leads to designs that are less reliable", says Mark McAllister of the University of Oxford, who led the experiments and is now a senior scientist at Wood Thilsted. Innovative vertical sensors made it possible to take accurate 3D measurements of waves. Innovative 3D measurement method A 3D measurement method developed in the FloWave lab paved the way for these new insights. “Conventional 2D wave measurement methods weren’t up to the task”, Van den Bremer explains, which is why the research group designed a new way to create 3D wave measurements. Ross Calvert of the University of Edinburgh: “This is the first time we've been able to measure wave heights at such high spatial resolution over such a big area, giving us a much more detailed understanding of complex wave breaking behaviour." FloWave Ocean Energy Research Facility in Edinburgh. The circular basin has a diameter of 25 metres and can be used to generate waves from multiple directions. Header image by: Fabien Duboc

Ensuring safe and quick food bike-delivery services in cities

Cyclists rushing to deliver food on time to hungry customers is an increasing problem in cities with the growing demand for fast home delivery services. This surge has resulted in more traffic in bike lanes, contributing to accidents and raising concerns about rider safety. In the framework of SINERGI project researchers like Yousef Maknoon are looking into solutions that will help boost logistic operations that are both efficient and safe. ‘Bike delivery services are a great way to transport goods from A to B in a green manner, replacing delivery cars or vans. These micro-delivery systems can really help make city logistics more sustainable,’ says logistics and modelling expert Yousef Maknoon, who is involved in developing real-time decision models for the SINERGI project. Besides looking into sustainability, the project aims to empower delivery providers to offer cost-efficient services, while prioritising the well-being of riders. ‘We want to help bring down the number of accidents,’ stresses Maknoon. Private and public stakeholders have joined to conduct pilot initiatives in the cities of Amsterdam, Shanghai, Singapore and Copenhagen. Yousef Maknoon Safe routing ‘To improve rider safety, the app automatically provides recommended routes when food delivery riders receive their task, helping them avoid dangerous intersections and busy streets. In Amsterdam, the goal is to develop a map that will show the safety of cycling infrastructure. The map is planned to be enriched with real-time information such weather conditions, busy days, and times of the week to not only improve delivery time prediction but also assess route safety in real time,’ explains Maknoon. ‘But everything depends on the cyclist's willingness to take the safer route. When a rider is paid per delivery, they might not be willing to take a longer route. Especially when they know the area well, it can be tempting to take a shorter route that may not always be the safest option.’ A survey held amongst 300 delivery riders found that they can be nudged to follow the recommended routes when they are compensated financially. Profit versus safety Maknoon: ‘What we also found is that paying an hourly fee, instead of paying per on-time delivery, promotes safer riding behaviour, like Just Eat Take​away does in the pilot in Amsterdam. However, other issues arise because riders might not be so motivated to deliver on time. Then you need other incentives to motivate efficiency among riders. Otherwise, customers might switch to other service providers. This puts the business model which is based on hourly payment and prioritize safety, under pressure.’ It seems now that delivery services need to make a trade-off between profit and safety. ‘With the SINERGI project we want to empower delivery providers to offer cost-efficient services while prioritising the well-being of riders.’ Government regulation Public authorities can, for example, improve road safety by enhancing infrastructure, such as building separate bicycle lanes.’ Delivery providers can introduce incentives for riders that compensate the extra time a longer, but safer, route might take. But this puts pressure on profitability and could cause micro-delivery logistics platforms to struggle or even go out of business. It is likely that government regulation will need to play a role in profit-driven societies, as safety risks being overshadowed. Fair delivery system This is also the case for ensuring a fair delivery system where all customers are serviced, whether they live in the busy city centre or the less densely populated countryside. Otherwise, customers who live farther away may not be serviced, as longer cycling times mean less money for riders when they are paid by commission. Riders can simply reject these orders and choose to deliver only to places where they think they can earn more. Human factor In this digitally connected world, we need to consider the human factor in real-time decision-making. The wellbeing of riders, their working conditions, and their quality of life are also important when we talk about making operational decisions. It is interesting to compare the four cities and how they manage the tension between cost-efficiency and safety, and to see what they can learn from each other. About SINERGI SINERGI is a three-year project that runs from 2023 to 2026. It involves thirteen research institutions, governmental authorities, and companies collaborating on a comprehensive framework to improve sustainable city logistics. The project aims to enable real-time management and strategic planning of efficient, safe and user-friendly delivery services. Besides Yousef Maknoon other researchers from TU-Delft involved are: Shadi Sharif Azadeh (project leader), Gonçalo Correia, Kuldeep Kavta and Dongyang Xia. Read more about the SINERGI project.