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Datasets MREL

Datasets and Open Source models by MREL We have a wide variety of datasets and models developed, with all models published in scientific journals. Due to the large volume of the datasets it is often not easy to host them online, but you can submit a request for the specific datasets we have available. We promote and favor use of our dataset for research purposes, under CC BY-NC-SA and CC BY-SA with proper attribution through references linked to the dataset. Possibility for fully commercial use is available, but additional conditions may apply. For all enquiries please contact: Dr George Lavidas: g.lavidas@tudelft.nl Dr Matias Alday Gonzalez: m.f.aldaygonzalez@tudelft.nl Dr Jian Tan: j.tan-2@tudelft.nl Dr. Avni Jain: a.jain-1@tudelft.nl Vaibhav Raghavan, MSc: v.raghavan@tudelft.nl North Sea Wave Database (NSWDv1) From 1980-2018, more information on the process that developed the dataset, the methodogies followed, calibration, validation and sensitivity analysis, how to cite: Lavidas, G., & Polinder, H. (2019). North Sea Wave Database (NSWD) and the Need for Reliable Resource Data: A 38 Year Database for Metocean and Wave Energy Assessments. Atmosphere, 10(9), https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090551 Lavidas, G., & Polinder, H. (2019). Wind effects in the parametrisation of physical characteristics for a nearshore wave model. Proceedings of the 13th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference 1-6 September 2019, Naples, Italy. NSWD 1980-1988 , NSWD 1989-1997 , NSWD 1998-2004 , NSWD 2005-2011 , NSWD 2012-2018 Contact us: Dr George Lavidas: g.lavidas@tudelft.nl North Sea Wave Database (NSWDv2) From 1980-2021, more information on the process that developed the dataset, the methodogies followed, calibration, valdiation and sensitivity analysis, how to cite: Lavidas, G., & Polinder, H. (2019). North Sea Wave Database (NSWD) and the Need for Reliable Resource Data: A 38 Year Database for Metocean and Wave Energy Assessments. Atmosphere, 10(9), https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090551 Lavidas, G., & Alday Gonzalez, M. (2022). Wave Energy Assessment | North Sea Wave Database . https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.36599.70566 Contact us: Dr George Lavidas: g.lavidas@tudelft.nl Dr Matias Alday Gonzalez: m.f.aldaygonzalez@tudelft.nl North Sea Tidal Database (NSTD) More information on the process that developed the dataset, the methodogies followed, calibration, validation and sensitivity analysis, how to cite: Alday, M., Lavidas, G. (2024), Assessing the Tidal Stream Resource for energy extraction in The Netherlands , Renewable Energy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.119683 Alday Gonzalez, M., & Lavidas, G. (2022). Tidal Energy Assessment | North Sea Tidal Database, https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10385.30565 Contact us: Dr George Lavidas: g.lavidas@tudelft.nl Dr Matias Alday Gonzalez: m.f.aldaygonzalez@tudelft.nl European COasts High resolution Ocean WAVEs hindcast (ECHOWAVE) Duration is 1990-2021 (pending) for more information on the process that developed the dataset, the methodogies followed, calibration, valdiation and sensitivity analysis, how to cite us: Alday G. M., Lavidas G., (2024), The ECHOWAVE Hindcast: A 30-years high resolution database for wave energy applications in North Atlantic European waters , Renewable Energy, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.121391 Contact us: Dr George Lavidas: g.lavidas@tudelft.nl Dr Matias Alday Gonzalez: m.f.aldaygonzalez@tudelft.nl HAMS-MREL Boundary element multi-body solver for marine renewables (pending). Contact us: Dr George Lavidas: g.lavidas@tudelft.nl Vaibhav Raghavan, MSc: v.raghavan@tudelft.nl Gray-zone resolution wind and solar dataset (SWaGZ) Gray-zone resolution wind and solar dataset (SWaGZ) Contact us: Dr George Lavidas: g.lavidas@tudelft.nl Dr Harish Baki: h.baki@tudelft.nl

Research

Mission statement The research of MREL aims to accelerate the renewable energy transition, through innovative research in marine renewables (wave, wind, tidal). Our research provides scientific evidence for the development of marine renewables, focuing on: Wave & tidal modelling, impacts of Climate Change for historical/future horizons. Survivability and reliability for marine renewables. Marine arrays optimisations for power & mitigation methods. Energy system integration, life cycle assessment & techno-economics. Find also more on our projects and publications also via our Research Gate Lab . Projects Publications Project Reports WECHULL+ Sustainable Concrete Material Leading to Improved Substructures for Offshore Renewable Energy Technologies (NWO), website HybridLabs Accelerating Dutch innovations in offshore renewables through data-driven hybrid labs (NWO) EU-SCORES EUropean SCalable Offshore Renewable Energy (H2020), CORDIS , website VALID Verification through Accelerated testing Leading to Improved wave energy Designs (H2020), CORDIS , website Dutch-WATERS Dutch-Wave And Tidal Energy ResourceS, website , TKI Deltatechnologie WECANet Pan-European Network for wave energy, website Merganser DEI+ Pilot Merganser (RVO, TKI wind op Zee), website WAVREP WAVe Resource for Electrical Production (MSCA-IF | H2020), CORDIS , website * bold notes lab members Alday G. M., Lavidas G., (2024), The ECHOWAVE Hindcast: A 30-years high resolution database for wave energy applications in North Atlantic European waters , Renewable Energy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.121391 Tan J., Lavidas, G. , (2024), A Modified Spectral-Domain Model for Nonlinear Hydrostatic Restoring Force of Heaving Wave Energy Converters , Ocean Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118581 M. Corrales-Gonzalez, Lavidas, George , A. Lira-Loarca, and G. Besio, (2024), Wave energy assessment and wave converter applicability at the Pacific coast of Central America , Frontiers in Energy Research 12, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1454275 V Raghavan, G Lavidas, A V Metrikine, (2024), Comparing Open-Source BEM solvers for analysing wave energy converters, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 2647, Dynamic of marine energy systems, https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2647/7/072002 deCastro M., Lavidas G. , Arguilé Pérez B., Carracedo P., deCastro N.G., Costoya X., Gómez-Gesteira M., (2024), Evaluating the Economic Viability of Near-Future Wave Energy Development along the Galician Coast Using LCoE Analysis for Multiple Wave Energy Devices , Journal of Cleaner Production, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142740 Raghavan V, Alday G. M., Metrikine A.V., Lavidas G., (2024), Wave Energy Farm Assessment in Real Wave Climates: The North Sea , 43 rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2024), Singapore, June 9 - 14 th , https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2024-120946 ­ Alday G. M., Raghavan V., Lavidas G. , (2024), Improving the Wave Energy Production Using Multi-Size Wec Arrays With Passive Control , 43 rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2024), Singapore, June 9-14 th , https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2024-123655 B. A. Pérez, M. deCastro, X. Costoya, A. R., Lavidas George , P. Carracedo, N. deCastro, B. Thomas, and M. Gómez-Gesteira, (2024), “Analysing The Energy And Economic Efficiency Of Wave Energy Converters In Northwestern Iberian Peninsula Under Near Future Conditions”, Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Energy Environment: bringing together Engineering and Economics (ICEE 2024), Portugal, June 6-7 th Keiner D., Gulagi A., Satymov R., Etongo D., Lavidas G ., Oyewo A.S., Khalili S., Breyer C., (2024), Future role of wave power in the Seychelles: A structured sensitivity analysis empowered by a novel EnergyPLAN-based optimisation tool , Energy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.131905 Raghavan, V. , Simonetti, I., Metrikine, A. , Lavidas, G. , & Cappietti, L. (2024). A new numerical modelling framework for fixed oscillating water column wave energy conversion device combining BEM and CFD methods: Validation with experiments , Ocean Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.117543 Alday, M., Lavidas, G . (2024), Assessing the Tidal Stream Resource for energy extraction in The Netherlands , Renewable Energy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.119683 Christakos K., Lavidas G. , Gao Z., Bjorkqvist J.V. (2024), Long-term conditions of wave conditions and wave energy resource in the Arctic Ocean , Renewable Energy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.11967 Satymov, R., Bogdanov, D., Dadashi, M., Lavidas, G., Breyer, C., (2024), Techno-economic assessment of global and regional wave energy resource potentials and profiles in hourly resolution, Appiled Energy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123119 Lavidas, G., Delgado Elizundia , F., & Blok, K. (2023), Integration of wave energy into Energy Systems: an insight to the system dynamics and ways forward . Proceedings of the 15th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, https://doi.org/10.36688/ewtec-2023-157 Alday, M., Raghavan, V., & Lavidas, G. (2023), Analysis of the North Atlantic offshore energy flux from different reanalysis and hindcasts . Proceedings of the 15th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, https://doi.org/10.36688/ewtec-2023-140 Raghavan, V., Simonetti, I., Lavidas, G. , Metrikine, A. , & Cappietti, L. (2023), N umerical modelling of a box-type and bottom-detached oscillating water column wave energy conversion device: a comparison with experimental data and between BEM and CFD numerical modelling . Proceedings of the 15th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, https://doi.org/10.36688/ewtec-2023-142 Maya, P., & Gonzalez, M. A., Metrikine, A., Lavidas, G. (2023), CMIP6 wave climate simulation in the European North East Atlantic Basin using WaveWatch III . Proceedings of the 15th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, https://doi.org/10.36688/ewtec-2023-153 Corrales González, M. A., Lavidas, G ., & Besio, G. (2023), Feasibility of wave energy harvesting in the Ligurian Sea . Proceedings of the 15th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, https://doi.org/10.36688/ewtec-2023-197 Corrales-Gonzalez, Manuel, George Lavidas , Giovanni Besio, (2023), Feasibility of wave energy harvesting in the Ligurian Sea , Italy, Sustainability, https://doi.org/10.3390/su15119113 Baki, Harish , Basu, S., and Lavidas, George , 2023, S tatistical characterization of simulated wind ramps , EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-17208, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-17208 Nicolas Guillou , George Lavidas , and Bahareh Kamranzad, (2023), Wave Energy in Brittany (France)—Resource Assessment and WEC Performances , Sustainability, https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021725 Tatiana Potapenko, Jessica S. Döhler, Francisco Francisco, George Lavidas , Irina Temiz, (2023), Renewable Energy Potential for Micro-Grid at Hvide Sande , Sustainability, https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032234 Lavidas, George , F. D. Leo, and G. Besio, (2023), Assessing the integration of an oscillating water column at the planned Genoa breakwater . In: 2nd International Conference Design and Management of Port, Coastal and Offshore Works ( DMPCO at Vol I ), Thessaloniki, Greece. Hoogervorst C. D., Antolinez A. A. J., Portilla-Yandun P., Lavidas G ., Tissier M., Aarninkhof S. (2023), Unraveling Multimodal Nearshore Wind-Wave Fields On The Dutch Shoreface, Coastal Engineering Proceedings (37), ICCE, https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.waves.35 George Lavidas , Vengatesan Venugopal, (2022), Impacts of physical calibration of a spectral wave model and effects of using different temporal wind inputs , Trends in Renewable Energies Offshore: RENEW 2022 5th International Conference on Renewable Energies Offshore 08 - 10 November 2022, Lisbon, Portugal, Editor Guedes Soares, Taylor Francis, ISBN: 978-1-032-42003-5 (eBook ISBN: 978100336077) V. Raghavan, G. Lavidas, A.V. Metrikine, N. Mantadakis, E. Loukogeorgaki, (2022), A comparative study on BEM solvers for Wave Energy Converters , Trends in Renewable Energies Offshore: RENEW 2022 5th International Conference on Renewable Energies Offshore 08 - 10 November 2022, Lisbon, Portugal, Editor Guedes Soares, Taylor Francis, ISBN: 978-1-032-42003-5 (eBook ISBN: 978100336077) Felix Delgado, George Lavidas, Kornelis Blok, (2022), Wave energy and the European transmission system , Trends in Renewable Energies Offshore: RENEW 2022 5th International Conference on Renewable Energies Offshore 08 - 10 November 2022, Lisbon, Portugal, Editor Guedes Soares, Taylor Francis, ISBN: 978-1-032-42003-5 (eBook ISBN: 978100336077) Rojas‐Delgado, B., Ekweoba, C., Lavidas, G. ; Temiz, I., 2022, GA‐Based Permutation Logic for Grid Integration of Offshore Multi‐Source Renewable Parks , Machines,, https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10121208 E. Loukogeorgaki, C. Michailides, G. Lavidas , S. Saeidtehrani , I.K. Chatjigeorgiou, (2022), Load assessment of optimally-arranged point absorbers arrays in front of a vertical wal l, Trends in Renewable Energies Offshore: RENEW 2022 5th International Conference on Renewable Energies Offshore 08 - 10 November 2022, Lisbon, Portugal, Editor Guedes Soares, Taylor Francis, ISBN: 978-1-032-42003-5 (eBook ISBN: 978100336077) S. Saeidtehrani, A . Cabboi, G. Lavidas, A.V. Metrikine , (2022), Flap-type wave energy converters: From accelerated testing to fault detection , Trends in Renewable Energies Offshore: RENEW 2022 5th International Conference on Renewable Energies Offshore 08 - 10 November 2022, Lisbon, Portugal, Editor Guedes Soares, Taylor Francis, ISBN: 978-1-032-42003-5 (eBook ISBN: 978100336077) Jannis Langer, Sergio Simanjuntak, Antonio Jarquin Laguna, George Lavidas , Henk Polinder, Jaco Quist, Kornelis Blok, (2022), How offshore wind could become economically attractive in low-resource regions like Indonesia , iScience, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104945 Coe, Ryan G, Lavidas George , Giorgio Bacelli, and Vincent S Neary (2022), Minimizing Cost in a 100% Renewable Electricity Grid a Case Study of Wave Energy in California , 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, OMAE2022, https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2022-80731 Saeidtehrani, Saghy, and George Lavidas, (2022), Performance Modelling of Flap-Type Wave Energy Converter Array: Flaps With Various Dynamic Characteristics , 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, OMAE2022, https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2022-79869 Saeidtehrani, Saghy, George Lavidas, and Andrei Metrikine , (2022) Environmental Extreme Conditions for a Wave Energy Converter: An Integrated Wave-Structure Approach , 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, OMAE2022, https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2022-79674 Lavidas, George and Kornelis Blok, (2021), Shifting Wave Energy Perceptions: The Case for Wave Energy Converter (WEC) Feasibility at Milder Resources , Renewable Energy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.02.041 Lavidas, George and Bahareh Kamranzad, (2021), Assessment of Wave Power Stability and Classification with Two Global Datasets , International Journal of Sustainable Energy, https://doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2020.1821027 Loukogeorgaki, Eva, Constantine Michailides, George Lavidas , and Ioannis K. Chatjigeorgiou, (2021), Layout Optimization of Heaving Wave Energy Converters Linear Arrays in Front of a Vertical Wall , Renewable Energy, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2021.07.040 George Lavidas , and Kornelis Blok, (2021), Levelised Cost of Electricity for Wave Energy Converters and the Perception of Milder Resource Non-Viability in the North Sea , 11th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC) George Lavidas , Eva Loukogeorgaki, Constantine Michalides, and Ioannis K Chatjigeorgiou, (2021), Effects of Metocean Conditions on Selecting Optimal Location for Wave Energy Production, 11th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC) Loukogeorgaki, Eva, Constantine Michailides, George Lavidas , and Ioannis K Chatjigeorgiou, (2021), Optimum Layouts of a Cluster of Heaving Point Absorbers in Front of a Wall , International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) * Not all of our projects have publicly sharable reports EU-SCORES (H2020) D6.1 Renewable Correlation of offshore resources D6.2 Renewable Coarse Resource Assessment for the European Region D6.3 European High resolution Resource Assessments D6.4 Ultra-High resolution Resource Assessment Evaluation for EU-SCORES user cases (Confidential) D6.5 Power Production from the TUD Ultra High resolution datasets (Confidential) D6.6 Description of Ultra-High wind-wave-solar hindcast models DutchWATERS (TKI Deltatechnologie) North Sea Wave Database (NSWDv2) | Wave Energy Assessment North Sea Tidal Database (NSTD) | Tidal Energy Assessment VALID (H2020) D1.2 Critical Components and Modelling Limitations D3.3 Description of User Case 1 hybrid testing platform D5.3 Description of User Case 3 hybrid testing platform

Student thesis

Development of personalized bike speed advice using Virtual Reality Bike simulator Using a Virtual Reality Bike Simulator to Study Delivery Riders Behaviour Using Virtual Reality to explore the link between Driving Behaviour, Satisfaction, and Attitudes Interaction of a Cyclist with automated transport in Virtual Reality environment Using a Virtual Reality Bike Simulator to study cyclist behavior Enhancing Automated Wagon Handling Systems through eXtended Reality Interaction of pedestrians with automated transport in Virtual Reality environment Understand pedestrian wayfinding behaviour in complex buildings Nudging car drivers towards safe and environmental car driving using sound assistance Immersive Experiences: Unleashing the Power of Virtual Reality in Public Transport Choice Studies Exploring urban wayfinding from the lens of Pedestrians with Reduced Mobility – A Virtual Reality study Characterizing situational awareness of transport operators based on eye tracking MSc. Aik van Seeters, 2024 The effect of infrastructural nudging on cyclist route choice MSc. Céleste Richard, 2022 Assessing pedestrians wellbeing & behaviour when transitioning from outdoor to indoor, playing with urban elements on comfort and performance level, using virtual reality. MSc. Marta Nosowicz, 2024 The Future of Community Mobility Hubs in M4H - Addressing Diverse User Needs through Virtual Reality-Assisted Studies MSc. Yiping Xu 2023 Can automated vehicles make passengers happy? MSc. Francesca Tinti, 2023 A VR experiment to investigate the impact of social influence on pedestrian dynamics Modeling emergency brake reaction time based on driver's eye movement feature parameters Study on the impact of Setting of Guide Signs in Walking Facilities on Pedestrian Flow CTB1000 Bouwplaats implementation on Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality Research on Safety Evacuation of Passenger Flow in Urban Metro Hub Based on the Social-Force Model Simulation

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NWO grants funding for innovative research on physical experimental environments

How to move from experiment to mainstream? A consortium led by professor Tamara Metze, has been awarded a prestigious grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). In search for pathways toward more sustainable futures, Metze and her team will explore how various innovations in field labs such as The Green Village, in urban living labs such as Engy Lab South-East in Amsterdam, and in all sorts of citizens’ initiatives, can be mainstreamed and make more impact on sustainability transitions. Pilot paradox The project ‘From EXperiment to sustainable change: TRAnsformative methodologies for Innovation and learning’ (EXTRA) seeks to overcome a persistent “pilot paradox”. In this paradox, much experimentation takes place but long-term systemic impact remains difficult. Researchers together with all sorts of change makers will synthesise existing knowledge on how to mainstream, upscale, spread, broaden and deepen developed innovations. Tamara Metze: ‘I am excited to unravel what are effective ways of cocreation that lead to mainstreaming the positive changes made in experimental environments. We will figure out how learning and innovation can lead to lasting changes in regulations, policies, and financial systems and the biophysical environment.’ Tamara Metze Read the NWO press release Actionable tools The project is crucial for accelerating sustainability transitions. By refining methodologies for mission-driven experimentation and develop hands on tools for all sorts of change-makers, it will be easier to mainstream the sustainable lessons and innovations. ‘These tools will not only aid grassroots innovators but also influence institutional and organisational structures, ensuring that lessons learned from experiments are better anchored in policies, regulations, and organisations’, explains Metze. The project will employ a transdisciplinary action research approach, bringing together knowledge from various disciplines and policy domains. By co-creating solutions with public and private partners, the research will have an immediate impact. In the long term, the project aims to build a more efficient innovation ecosystem, contributing to more impactful and sustainable outcomes for both society and the environment. Projectpartners TU Delft, VU Amsterdam, Wageningen University & Research, Hogeschool van Amsterdam, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Hogeschool Rotterdam, The Green Village, AMS Institute; PBL Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving, WoonFriesland, Dijkstra Draisma, Provincie Noord-Holland, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken, PRICE / Almere, BouwLab, Alliantie Samen Nieuw-West, Innovation Quarter.

Unusual waves grow way beyond known limits

Waves that come from multiple directions are extremer than extreme. These remarkable deep-sea waves can be four times steeper than what was previously imagined, as is shown in research by TU Delft and other universities that was published in Nature today. A long time ago, stories were told of mysterious rogue waves that materialised out of nowhere and could topple even the largest ships. These waves lost their mythical character when the first rogue wave was recorded at the Draupner platform in the North Sea. In 2018, Ton van den Bremer and his colleagues at the Universities of Edinburgh and Oxford managed to recreate the Draupner wave in the lab for the first time ever, and this opportunity to study freak waves closely produced unexpected insights. Multiple waves push up water New research by the research consortium now shows that these remarkable waves do not break when traditional theories hold they should, the secret behind which lies in how they arise. Ton van den Bremer, expert on fluid mechanics at TU Delft and led the study, explains: “When most people think of waves, they think of the rolling waves you’d find on a beach. The type of wave we studied occurs in open water and arises when waves coming from multiple directions come together. When these waves with a high directional spread converge, the water is pushed upwards, forming a partially standing wave. An example of this is known as a crossing wave. How crossing waves arise Under certain conditions at sea, waves from multiple directions occur. This can happen in a place where two seas meet, or where winds suddenly change direction, as in a hurricane. When waves from two directions meet, a cross wave occurs, provided their directions are far enough apart. The study also shows that the further apart the directions are, the higher the resulting cross-wave. Travelling waves break when they reach a certain limit, this is when they reach their maximum steepness. The study shows that waves with a multidirectional spreading can get as much as 80% steeper than this limit before they start breaking, which means they can get almost twice as high as ‘normal waves’ before they start to break. Travelling wave (l) and a wave with high directional spreading (r) Breaking waves that grow Next, the researchers found another highly unusual phenomenon that defies existing theories, a phenomenon that is unprecedented according to Van den Bremer: “Once a conventional wave breaks, it forms a white cap, and there is no way back. But when a wave with a high directional spreading breaks, it can keep growing.” The study shows that these enormous waves can grow to twice their original steepness while breaking, which is already twice bigger than the conventional limit. Together, the waves can grow four times steeper than previously thought possible. Damage to offshore structures The knowledge that multidirectional waves can become as much as four times larger than was deemed possible can help design safer marine structures. "The three-dimensionality of waves is often overlooked in the design of offshore wind turbines and other structures in general; our findings suggest this leads to designs that are less reliable", says Mark McAllister of the University of Oxford, who led the experiments and is now a senior scientist at Wood Thilsted. Innovative vertical sensors made it possible to take accurate 3D measurements of waves. Innovative 3D measurement method A 3D measurement method developed in the FloWave lab paved the way for these new insights. “Conventional 2D wave measurement methods weren’t up to the task”, Van den Bremer explains, which is why the research group designed a new way to create 3D wave measurements. Ross Calvert of the University of Edinburgh: “This is the first time we've been able to measure wave heights at such high spatial resolution over such a big area, giving us a much more detailed understanding of complex wave breaking behaviour." FloWave Ocean Energy Research Facility in Edinburgh. The circular basin has a diameter of 25 metres and can be used to generate waves from multiple directions. Header image by: Fabien Duboc