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Energy Resilient Self-Organized Communication Networks

The power outage in India in July 2012 left more than 700 million people without electricity and caused the failure of all major infrastructures. Base stations and access points of the backbone infrastructure for mobile communication networks were left without power for days. This resulted in mobile communication being congested, unreachable and useless. Similarly, in November 2012, as Hurricane Sandy made landfall in the United States, wireless communications coverage in the western half of the Rockaway Peninsula, in New York was almost non-existent. Communication providers struggled for weeks, as more than 300 (wireline) offices were flooded and around 25% of their wireless towers were either uprooted or severely damaged. As one-fourth of the infrastructure became unavailable, sudden surge in traffic (or flash crowds) pressured existing communication infrastructure and eventually made them crash. Such disrupting events have accentuated the vulnerability of infrastructure-based communication networks and drawn attention towards the need to design infrastructure-less communication networks. The literature has focused on utilizing the wireless capability of end-user devices (e.g. smart phones or tablets) as an approach to do this. In this approach information exchange between mobile phones does not require a base station or tower. Instead mobile phones use their inbuilt wireless interfaces, such as blue-tooth and Wi-Fi, to form direct communication networks on-the-fly. As the use of mobile phones skyrockets, designing mechanisms that allow the formation of an on-the fly network during disrupting events becomes a possibility. Besides, their widespread reach in remote locations makes them an easily available solution for communication. Further, these mechanisms can be beneficial in many developing countries, which always lack infrastructure and have region specific pockets of zero network connectivity. Using mobile phones to form infrastructure-less on-demand wireless mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) however also presents certain challenges. To work in an infrastructure-less mode phones need to route information instead of base stations. Routing, sending, receiving and relaying information increases the energy consumption of participating nodes. However, phones have limited battery life and therefore cannot keep doing this for a longer period of time. Thus specific mobile nodes may run out of battery and eventually leave the network. This sudden removal of nodes causes segmentation of the network and affects the robustness required to support connectivity for a larger area. This can inevitably impact the performance and longevity of the overall network. Additionally, to conserve energy, individual nodes may leave and or start dropping messages thereby impacting reliability of message delivery. Furthermore this problem can affect the scalability. Scalability determines the number of mobile nodes that can participate or be benefited by the network without affecting the performance. Lack of thresholds and limitations for energy constraint nodes affects the quality of service and prevents the formation of a scalable communication network. To mitigate these challenges and to design a robust, reliable and scalable infrastructure-less mobile communication, energy resilience needs consideration. So far this has not been investigated. This project looks into the many trade-offs involved between network adaptivity and energy consumption. A conceptual model is designed to study these trade-offs, designing and comparing different protocols and mechanisms that allow mobile nodes to decrease their resource consumption or maximize their battery life by adapting their routing behavior..Routing is adapted based on individual nodes resource constraints and surrounding parameters. Furthermore the project investigates if designing adaptive, energy-efficient mechanisms or communication protocols leads to a robust, scalable and reliable communication network. The mechanisms and protocols will be based on the property of self-organization for designing distributed adaptive communication protocols that will run on mobile nodes as software agents. Once deployed in a given environment (infrastructure-less resource constrained) it will self-organize and adapt in a decentralized mechanism to meet a global emergent functionality of a bigger connected network. Promoter : Frances Brazier Daily Supervisor : Martijn Warnier Indushree Banerjee PhD Researcher Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management Department: Multi-Actor Systems Group: System Engineering Research interests: Network Resilience Security and Privacy Cyber Physical Systems linkedin About Indushree Banerjee Indushree Banerjee has a master’s degree from the University of St Andrews, UK and specializes in networks and distributed systems. Her current research interests are catered around facilitating network resilience for the sustainable development of society. Originally from India, she graduated from West Bengal University of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering. She has worked as a network engineer and as a senior web developer previously. She also gathered research experience as an assistant and published work on immersive learning through 3D virtualization, disaster management using wireless technologies, scripting languages for simulated environments and on network resilience and SLA.

Prof.ir. A. Geuze

Professor of Landscape Architecture – Department of Urbanism Landscape architecture is more than the designing of parks and squares. It is an engineering tradition. Professor of Landscape Architecture Adriaan Geuze sees opportunities for using landscape architecture in a crossover with the other domains in Delft. That is how we could work on complex and urgent long-term tasks, such as climate adaptation, housing construction, energy transition, and agriculture realignment. The Netherlands face significant and complex challenges. Amongst others, we are struggling with the energy transition and the housing shortage. But do we want to fill up the entire country with solar cells and wind turbines at the expense of fertile farmland and beautiful views? And where should new houses be built - in existing cities or in new locations with new infrastructure? “These kinds of difficult questions cannot be answered without looking at them systematically,” says Geuze. “When you do so, you see that action in the Netherlands is dominated by procedures and short-term plans. Decision-making, organisations, budgets and planning are always based on modelling, but those models do not correspond with reality. This applies to files such as the Covid-19 pandemic, national infrastructural and spatial issues, and IT challenges. TU Delft is the perfect place to work on these kinds of issues. Not from a procedural perspective, but from an engineering tradition based on knowledge and facts, with interesting, feasible proposals for the future.” Showcasing the tradition of creating land As a professor, Geuze sees opportunities to better profile and showcase the engineering tradition of land making. “From the perspective of landscape architecture, we can offer the key to large-scale and medium-term challenges. That would protect our country from being purely at the mercy of market forces and decentralised, short-term approaches. This dilemma is illustrated by the discussion on the construction of mega data centres. In such discussions, local councillors make local choices with far-reaching national consequences for our space, our energy and our job security.” Crossing domains Adriaan Geuze bas built up a varied oeuvre over the past 35 years. In 1987, he graduated from Wageningen University as an agricultural engineer and founded urban West 8. He is still in charge of this design office for urban design, landscape architecture and infrastructure. Leading projects such as Borneo-Sporenburg in Amsterdam and Strijp S in Eindhoven show what happens when projects transcend the profession’s disciplinary boundaries. They are not just landscape architectural projects or urban development plans but everything in between. In the meantime, West 8 has, for example, realised over 160 bridges and is responsible for large-scale developments such as the Madrid Rio city park in Spain, the Toronto Central Waterfront in Canada and the botanical gardens in Houston, Texas. In the Netherlands, West 8 is also known for the Rotterdam Central Station, the Hondsbossche Zeewering and the Afsluitdijk. In addition, Geuze has taught as a Visiting Professor at Harvard and elsewhere, was previously connected with the Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment as Professor by Special Appointment of Residential Building and curated the second Rotterdam Architecture Biennale with the theme ‘De Zondvloed’ [The Deluge]. More information Section of Landscape Architecture Adriaan Geuze A.Geuze@tudelft.nl Photo credits: © Carel van Hees

Art-Embedded Learning in Technical Higher Education

What do the arts offer the TU Delft students? Scientists and engineers have a marked impact on society and the TU Delft encourages students to increase self-awareness and consciousness of their potential impact on society at various levels. One of the ways to do this is via art-embedded learning. Art is not the first association people make when they think of a university of technology. At TU Delft, the honours programme specialization, “Awareness & Culture”, is an innovative art-embedded learning initiative. This program, created by Applied Science Associate Professor Eduardo Mendes, answers why experience with art is one of the best vehicles for developing empathy and critical reflection on ethical issues associated with technologies. Mendes explains: ‘Art-embedded learning incorporates key moments of what is called Transformative Learning and has the benefit of providing the foundation for a stronger connection between the students with themselves, others and society as a whole. They discover and learn how to incorporate their internal feelings and thoughts into formulating concrete, relevant questions. These questions have a personal, emotional origin to help turn it into a societal ethical question.’ Image by Sarah Duister Exhibition: Beyond Comfort 15 September - 14 December 2022 Visit the exhibition Beyond Comfort: Art-Embedded Learning in Technical Higher Education. The exhibition will be live from 15 September until 14 December 2022 at the TU Delft Library main hall. This exhibition curates student work from the past four years of Honors Awareness & Culture courses at the TU Delft. PAST EVENTS: Lecture and panel discussion with Dr. Eduardo Mendes 10 October 18:30 – 20:30, Library main hall Featuring invitees and Vice Rector Rob Mudde Are you looking for the most creative courses on campus? Meet Dr. Mendes, winner of the Henk Dekker prize 2021, and hear his views on how Art and transformative learning methodologies can play an important role in engineering education. According to Dr. Mendes, most scientists and engineers who create the foundations of technology are not aware enough and connected to the social debate about technologies and their consequences for the world. Liberal Arts might change that. Together with the panel, he will debate the role and possible implementations of Liberal Arts in engineering education. The members of the panel are: Professor Rob F. Mudde – Vice Rector Magnificus/Vice President Education, Delft University of Technology Professor Dr. Iris van der Tuin – Professor Theory of Cultural Inquiry and Dean for Interdisciplinary Education, Utrecht University Dr. Heleen A. Th. Miedema – Dean University College of Twente/Director of Education, University of Twente Yannick Servais – General Manager Honours College, Utrecht University Pragya Verma – BSc. Nanobiology/member Student Honours Board, Delft University of Technology Unveiling and Panel discussion about Oracle 22 September 16:00 - 17:30 with artists from RNDR Studio & TU Delft Library collaborators Oracle is a custom-made, interactive data art prototype for the visual navigation of theses and dissertations in the TU Delft Library. With Oracle you can experience the TU Delft Repository in a whole new way. Because Oracle is still in development you can interact with the Oracle yourself and submit your feedback. Oracle will be on display until the end of the program. Join us for the unveiling reception, preceded by a panel discussion with RNDR Studio and Library collaborators: Edwin Jakobs (RNDR), Alice Bodanzky (Lib), Vincent Cellucci, (Lib). RNDR is a design studio for interactive media founded in 2017 in The Hague (NL). The members have years of experience as partners, computer scientists, designers, art directors, and developers. The basis for most of their projects, OPENRNDR, is an open source framework for creative coding - written in Kotlin for the JVM - that simplifies the writing of real-time audiovisual interactive software. OPENRNDR has been awarded the Dutch Design Award 2019. Left: Untitled by Karel Appel Right: Kornelis Fragakis, University Arts Curator Walking Tour of Art on Campus with Kornelis Fragakis, University Arts Curator 17 November, 16:00 – 18:30 Do you want to appreciate art and get a feel for the larger mission of Art on the TU Delft campus? During this tour, Kornelis Fragakis will take you through an impressive selection of this technical university's art collection, housed at the Aula, EEMCS, CEG, and outside TNO. You will visit the sites for past and current Art Challenges, where artists are paired with scientists and students. The tour starts with a brief introduction from Kornelis at the Library. We end the tour with a small reception where stakeholders in art on campus can informally discuss the art collection and art plan on campus. Kornelis Fragakis is the curator of the TU Delft art collection. With a background as an artist and art historian, he is on a mission to bring the campus and its users together with 'Living Campus, Living Art. Registration (limited places available) Open Hardware Stereodrome (AV VR) Workshop with guest artist and developer Bas van Koolwijk 9 December, 13:30 – 16:30 | Bouwcampus TU Delft Build your own audio-visual (AV) VR headset for neuro-media arts concert performances. Bas van Koolwijk’s Stereodrome is a minimalist VR device/system that produces fantastic color perceptions due to optical brainwave entrainment by a stereo audio signal. These color fields become pulsating immersive environments similar to the work of James Turrell. By presenting each eye with a colourfield interpretation of the corresponding left or right channel of the soundtrack, it offers a minimalist experience of binocular vision that can be perceived as hallucinations. Video and audio artist Bas van Koolwijk uses both sound and image, be it analogue or in numerical code, as interchangeable data. He produces visual and acoustic compositions in which both manifestations powerfully interact. To perform these interactions Van Koolwijk develops his own hardware and software applications. The results of which are presented in variable projects such as live performances, installations and single screen videos. Programme: 13.30: Art Science Introduction by Dmitry Gelfland & lecture by Bas van Koolwijk 14.00: Build your own headsets 15.30: Presentation / Performance 15.45: Open Hardware Intervention 16.00: Drinks

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Students Amos Yusuf, Mick Dam & Bas Brouwer winners of Mekel Prize 2024

Master students Amos Yusuf, from the ME faculty (Mick Dam, from the EEMCS faculty and graduate Bas Brouwer have won the Mekel Prize 2024 for the best extra scientific activity at TU Delft: the development of an initiative that brings master students into the classroom teaching sciences to the younger generations. The prize was ceremonially awarded by prof Tim van den Hagen on 13 November after the Van Hasselt Lecture at the Prinsenhof, Delft. They received a statue of Professor Jan Mekel and 1.500,- to spend on their project. Insights into climate change are being openly doubted. Funding for important educational efforts and research are being withdrawn. Short clips – so called “reels” – on Youtube and TikTok threaten to simplify complex political and social problems. AI fakes befuddle what is true and what is not. The voices of science that contribute to those discussion with modesty, careful argument and scepticism, are drowned in noise. This poses a threat for universities like TU Delft, who strive to increase student numbers, who benefit from diverse student populations and aim to pass on their knowledge and scientific virtues to the next generation. It is, therefore, alarming that student enrolments to Bachelor and Master Programs at TU Delft have declined in the past year. Students in front of the class The project is aimed to make the sciences more appealing to the next generation. They have identified the problem that students tend miss out on the opportunity of entering a higher education trajectory in the Beta sciences – because they have a wrong picture of such education. In their mind, they depict it as boring and dry. In his pilot lecture at the Stanislas VMBO in Delft, Amos Yusuf has successfully challenged this image. He shared his enthusiasm for the field of robotics and presented himself as a positive role model to the pupils. And in return the excitement of the high school students is palpable in the videos and pictures from the day. The spark of science fills their eyes. Bas Brouwer Mick Dam are the founders of NUVO – the platform that facilitates the engagement of Master Students in high school education in Delft Their efforts offer TU Delft Master Students a valuable learning moment: By sharing insights from their fields with pupils at high school in an educational setting, our students can find identify their own misunderstandings of their subject, learn to speak in front of non-scientific audiences and peak into education as a work field they themselves might not have considered. An extraordinary commitment According to the Mekel jury, the project scored well on all the criteria (risk mitigation, inclusiveness, transparency and societal relevance). However, it was the extraordinary commitment of Amos who was fully immersed during his Master Project and the efforts of Brouwer and Dam that brought together teaching and research which is integral to academic culture that made the project stand out. About the Mekel Prize The Mekel Prize will be awarded to the most socially responsible research project or extra-scientific activity (e.g. founding of an NGO or organization, an initiative or realization of an event or other impactful project) by an employee or group of employees of TU Delft – projects that showcase in an outstanding fashion that they have been committed from the beginning to relevant moral and societal values and have been aware of and tried to mitigate as much as possible in innovative ways the risks involved in their research. The award recognizes such efforts and wants to encourage the responsible development of science and technology at TU Delft in the future. For furthermore information About the project: https://www.de-nuvo.nl/video-robotica-pilot/ About the Mekel Prize: https://www.tudelft.nl/en/tpm/our-faculty/departments/values-technology-and-innovation/sections/ethics-philosophy-of-technology/mekel-prize

New catheter technology promises safer and more efficient treatment of blood vessels

Each year, more than 200 million catheters are used worldwide to treat vascular diseases, including heart disease and artery stenosis. When navigating into blood vessels, friction between the catheter and the vessel wall can cause major complications. With a new innovative catheter technology, Mostafa Atalla and colleagues can change the friction from having grip to completely slippery with the flick of a switch. Their design improves the safety and efficiency of endovascular procedures. The findings have been published in IEEE. Catheter with variable friction The prototype of the new catheter features advanced friction control modules to precisely control the friction between the catheter and the vessel wall. The friction is modulated via ultrasonic vibrations, which overpressure the thin fluid layer. This innovative variable friction technology makes it possible to switch between low friction for smooth navigation through the vessel and high friction for optimal stability during the procedure. In a proof-of-concept, Atalla and his team show that the prototype significantly reduces friction, averaging 60% on rigid surfaces and 11% on soft surfaces. Experiments on animal aortic tissue confirm the promising results of this technology and its potential for medical applications. Fully assembled catheters The researchers tested the prototype during friction experiments on different tissue types. They are also investigating how the technology can be applied to other procedures, such as bowel interventions. More information Publicatie DOI : 10.1109/TMRB.2024.3464672 Toward Variable-Friction Catheters Using Ultrasonic Lubrication | IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore Mostafa Atalla: m.a.a.atalla@tudelft.nl Aimee Sakes: a.sakes@tudelft.nl Michaël Wiertlewski: m.wiertlewski@tudelft.nl Would you like to know more and/or attend a demonstration of the prototype please contact me: Fien Bosman, press officer Health TU Delft: f.j.bosman@tudelft.nl/ 0624953733

A key solution to grid congestion

On behalf of the TU Delft PowerWeb Institute, researchers Kenneth Brunninx and Simon Tindemans are handing over a Position Paper to the Dutch Parliament on 14 November 2024, with a possible solution to the major grid capacity problems that are increasingly cropping up in the Netherlands. The Netherlands is unlikely to meet the 2030 climate targets, and one of the reasons for this is that large industry cannot switch to electricity fast enough, partly because of increasingly frequent problems around grid capacity and grid congestion. In all likelihood, those problems will actually increase this decade before they can decrease, the researchers argue. The solution offered by the TU Delft PowerWeb Institute researchers is the ‘flexible backstop’. With a flexible backstop, the current capacity of the power grid can be used more efficiently without sacrificing safety or reliability. A flexible backstop is a safety mechanism that automatically and quickly reduces the amount of electricity that an electric unit can draw from the grid (an electric charging station or a heat pump) or deliver (a PV installation). It is a small device connected or built into an electrical unit, such as a charging station or heat pump, that ‘communicates’ with the distribution network operator. In case of extreme stress on the network, the network operator sends a signal to the device to limit the amount of power. Germany recently introduced a similar system with electric charging stations. The backstop would be activated only in periods of acute congestion problems and could help prevent the last resort measure, which is cutting off electricity to users. ‘Upgrading the electricity network remains essential, but in practice it will take years. So there is a need for short-term solutions that can be integrated into long-term planning. We, the members of the TU Delft PowerWeb Institute, call on the government, network operators and regulator to explore the flexible backstop as an additional grid security measure,’ they said. The entire Paper can be read here . Kenneth Brunninx Associate Professor at the Faculty of Engineering, Governance and Management, where he uses quantitative models to evaluate energy policy and market design with the aim of reducing CO2 emissions. Simon Tindemans is Associate Professor in the Intelligent Electrical Power Grids group at Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science. His research interests include uncertainty and risk management for power grids. TU Delft PowerWeb Institute is a community of researchers who are investigating how to make renewable energy systems reliable, future proof and accessible to everyone.