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Dry-spell assessment through rainfall downscaling comparing deep-learning algorithms and conventional statistical frameworks

Full title: Dry-spell assessment through rainfall downscaling comparing deep-learning algorithms and conventional statistical frameworks in a data scarce region: The case of Northern Ghana By Panagiotis Mavritsakis Large parts of the world rely on rainfed agriculture for their food security. In Africa, 90% of the agricultural yields rely only on precipitation for irrigation purposes and approximately 80% of the population’s livelihood is highly dependent on its food production. Parts of Ghana are prone to droughts and flood events due to increasing variability of precipitation phenomena. Crop growth is sensitive to the wet- and dry-spell phenomena during the rainy season. To support rural communities and small farmer in their efforts to adapt to climate change and natural variability, it is crucial to have good predictions of rainfall and related dry/wet spell indices. This research constitutes an attempt to assess the dry-spell patterns in the northern region of Ghana, near Burkina Faso. We aim to develop a model which by exploiting satellite products overcomes the poor temporal and spatial coverage of existing ground precipitation measurements. The main objective is to reproduce the dry spell sequences as seen by the rain gauges (point scale) in the region of Northern Ghana based on satellite precipitation products (CMORPH, TAMSAT, IMERG). We will compare conventional statistical tools and Machine Learning classification models and deep-learning algorithms to establish a link between satellite products and field rainfall data for dry-spell assessment. The deep-learning architecture used should be able to process satellite images efficiently. Hence, several Convolutional Neural Network architectures were tested as classifiers. Using these models we will attempt to exploit the long temporal coverage of the satellite products in order to overcome the poor temporal and spatial coverage of existing ground precipitation measurements. Doing that, our final objective is to enhance our knowledge about the dry-spell characteristics and, thus, provide more reliable climatic information to the smallholder farmers in the area of Northern Ghana.

Automatic Extraction of Ridge Structures from Digital Elevation Models for the modelling software D-HYDRO

Automatic Extraction of Ridge Structures from Digital Elevation Models for the modelling software D-HYDRO By Thirza van Noppen with supervisor: Ruud van der Ent In order to avoid substantial damage as a result of flooding and extreme water discharges, it is of considerable importance to model flood events as it can help in flood risk reduction and mitigation. Numerous hydrodynamic simulation models have been designed for the purpose of modelling the movement of water and are widely used to assess flooding risk. The simplest and most common practice in these models is to use one-dimensional (1D) models that treat flow one-dimensionally along the river channel. Alternatively, two-dimensional (2D) models can provide more detailed results but they remain computationally demanding and data intensive. Recent advances and software developments resulted in novel mechanisms that can reduce computation costs. One of these mechanisms is the incorporation of fixed weirs in a hydrodynamic model. Fixed weirs represent abrupt changes in altitude that have an impact on the local flow during flooding. The fixed weirs can be incorporated into modelling software such as 3Di, HEC-RAS and D-HYDRO Suite. The weir elements are aligned on the 2D-grid network, hence the resolution of the model can be kept large while sudden changes in depth are taken into account. Until now, fixed weirs are still drawn manually or with the aid of existing data of roads or railways, which is a labor-intensive and time consuming process. In addition, the process of manually drawing fixed weirs is a subjective process and is therefore largely dependent on the interpretation of the modeler. The main objective of this study is to develop a tool that can automatically detect ridge structures based on a digital elevation model (DEM). Subsequently, the results of the tool will be evaluated in a D-HYDRO model developed for the river Roer (which is located in the province Limburg in The Netherlands). In order to do so, three approaches will be compared: a model with fixed weirs detected by the tool, a model containing no fixed weirs, and one with manually drawn fixed weirs.

Develop a monitoring scheme for the WaterStreet’s living lab

By Alexandra Vyrini, with supervisor Dr.ir. M.M. Rutten Climate and land use change pose a threat to urban environments as they are positively correlated with the increase in extreme phenomena. Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) can provide an alternative way to reduce the discharge of water to the stormwater sewer system by increasing the permeability of the pavement and creating storage underneath. Although these sustainable urban drainage systems sound very promising, they are often facing many obstacles before full-scale implementation. Lack of public awareness and the inertia of system’s change due to governance, regulations and institutional constraints put a brake towards the implementation of innovative solutions. In this regard, WaterStreet (https://thegreenvillage.org/project/waterstraat/) is a living lab that tries to reduce the effect of the factors mentioned before, by demonstrating and testing new solutions towards a sustainable urban stormwater management, without the involvement of the government. The aim of WaterStreet is to make the jump to the market smaller. From a technological perspective the reliability of SUDS’s performance is regarded the most important factor for end users to incorporate them in city planning. Maintenance of the systems, underlying soil type and vegetation are some of the factors that can affect the long-term performance of SUDS. Monitoring can be an important tool to investigate the performance of new SUDS before pilot implementation reducing the uncertainty for end users. It is therefor proposed to develop a monitoring scheme for the WaterStreet’s living lab that will enhance the knowledge on how these systems work in real live situations. A parallel study will be performed in order to include the need of data for simulation purposes. Simulation of those SUDS can be an important tool for city planning further accelerating the possibility of implementation of SUDS.

Develop a monitoring scheme for the WaterStreet’s living lab

By Alexandra Vyrini, with supervisor Dr.ir. M.M. Rutten Climate and land use change pose a threat to urban environments as they are positively correlated with the increase in extreme phenomena. Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) can provide an alternative way to reduce the discharge of water to the stormwater sewer system by increasing the permeability of the pavement and creating storage underneath. Although these sustainable urban drainage systems sound very promising, they are often facing many obstacles before full-scale implementation. Lack of public awareness and the inertia of system’s change due to governance, regulations and institutional constraints put a brake towards the implementation of innovative solutions. In this regard, WaterStreet (https://thegreenvillage.org/project/waterstraat/) is a living lab that tries to reduce the effect of the factors mentioned before, by demonstrating and testing new solutions towards a sustainable urban stormwater management, without the involvement of the government. The aim of WaterStreet is to make the jump to the market smaller. From a technological perspective the reliability of SUDS’s performance is regarded the most important factor for end users to incorporate them in city planning. Maintenance of the systems, underlying soil type and vegetation are some of the factors that can affect the long-term performance of SUDS. Monitoring can be an important tool to investigate the performance of new SUDS before pilot implementation reducing the uncertainty for end users. It is therefor proposed to develop a monitoring scheme for the WaterStreet’s living lab that will enhance the knowledge on how these systems work in real live situations. A parallel study will be performed in order to include the need of data for simulation purposes. Simulation of those SUDS can be an important tool for city planning further accelerating the possibility of implementation of SUDS.

Assess the potential of a weir as mechanism for contributing to a sustainable sand balance on the Volta River

By Jon Arends, with supervisor Prof. dr. ir. Nick Van de Giesen Tamale, a city in the Northern Region of Ghana is rapidly urbanizing resulting in a large demand for residential and commercial construction, roads and infrastructure to meet the needs of the growing population. This infrastructure is primarily composed of concrete, which requires large volumes of sands and aggregates in its production. These sands and aggregates come primarily from two sources: marine and terrestrial. Terrestrial sand is used which is generally sourced from river channels and flood plains. When sand and aggregates are extracted at volumes that far exceed the rate of replenishment, it often causes grave environmental consequences. In Tamale, terrestrial sand is used for concrete works. It is estimated that between 50-65% of sand and aggregates is excavated from the river beds and walls of the Volta River with volumes expected to grow to meet the cities demands. Without proper guidance to maintain a sustainable sand balance, the Tamale region of the Volta River may experience habitat transformation, erosion, channel incision, decreased water supply and increased flood risk. Weirs are being explored to regulate the water supply for the city. Consequently, sand and aggregates will settle upstream of the weir. Can these weirs be used to sustainably remove sand from the Volta River without long term damage? How much sand could safely be removed? Questions like these hope to be answered in this research.

Assess the potential of a weir as mechanism for contributing to a sustainable sand balance on the Volta River

By Jon Arends, with supervisor Prof. dr. ir. Nick Van de Giesen Tamale, a city in the Northern Region of Ghana is rapidly urbanizing resulting in a large demand for residential and commercial construction, roads and infrastructure to meet the needs of the growing population. This infrastructure is primarily composed of concrete, which requires large volumes of sands and aggregates in its production. These sands and aggregates come primarily from two sources: marine and terrestrial. Terrestrial sand is used which is generally sourced from river channels and flood plains. When sand and aggregates are extracted at volumes that far exceed the rate of replenishment, it often causes grave environmental consequences. In Tamale, terrestrial sand is used for concrete works. It is estimated that between 50-65% of sand and aggregates is excavated from the river beds and walls of the Volta River with volumes expected to grow to meet the cities demands. Without proper guidance to maintain a sustainable sand balance, the Tamale region of the Volta River may experience habitat transformation, erosion, channel incision, decreased water supply and increased flood risk. Weirs are being explored to regulate the water supply for the city. Consequently, sand and aggregates will settle upstream of the weir. Can these weirs be used to sustainably remove sand from the Volta River without long term damage? How much sand could safely be removed? Questions like these hope to be answered in this research.

Inundation of unprotected areas due to flexible water level management around the IJsselmeer and Markermeer

By: Lisa Goossens Since 2019 Rijkswaterstaat is applying a flexible water level management in the IJsselmeer and Markermeer. It offers the manager the opportunity to adjust for (extreme) weather conditions and the demand for drinking water. By maintaining an higher water level at the end of winter, an extra water buffer can be created of 390 million m3. During a dry summer the northern part of the Netherlands can be provided with fresh water from the buffer which can be used for agriculture, industry, drinking water and recreation. In addition, the water level will drop and rise in a more natural way with an higher water level in early spring and reaching lower water levels at the end of the summer. This can be seen in figure 1 in which the green line represents the flexible water level management. However, at the end of winter/early spring, the chance of flooding of unprotected areas increases due to the higher water levels in the IJsselmeer and Markermeer as a consequence of the flexible water level management. What kind of areas will become inundated and what is the function of these areas? How much will they be flooded? These kind of questions will be answered during my research and I want to define the consequences of the flexible water level management regarding flood risk of unprotected areas. Figure 1: Current and former water levels in the IJsselmeer.

Inundation of unprotected areas due to flexible water level management around the IJsselmeer and Markermeer

By: Lisa Goossens Since 2019 Rijkswaterstaat is applying a flexible water level management in the IJsselmeer and Markermeer. It offers the manager the opportunity to adjust for (extreme) weather conditions and the demand for drinking water. By maintaining an higher water level at the end of winter, an extra water buffer can be created of 390 million m3. During a dry summer the northern part of the Netherlands can be provided with fresh water from the buffer which can be used for agriculture, industry, drinking water and recreation. In addition, the water level will drop and rise in a more natural way with an higher water level in early spring and reaching lower water levels at the end of the summer. This can be seen in figure 1 in which the green line represents the flexible water level management. However, at the end of winter/early spring, the chance of flooding of unprotected areas increases due to the higher water levels in the IJsselmeer and Markermeer as a consequence of the flexible water level management. What kind of areas will become inundated and what is the function of these areas? How much will they be flooded? These kind of questions will be answered during my research and I want to define the consequences of the flexible water level management regarding flood risk of unprotected areas. Figure 1: Current and former water levels in the IJsselmeer.

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Dry-spell assessment through rainfall downscaling comparing deep-learning algorithms and conventional statistical frameworks

Full title: Dry-spell assessment through rainfall downscaling comparing deep-learning algorithms and conventional statistical frameworks in a data scarce region: The case of Northern Ghana By Panagiotis Mavritsakis Large parts of the world rely on rainfed agriculture for their food security. In Africa, 90% of the agricultural yields rely only on precipitation for irrigation purposes and approximately 80% of the population’s livelihood is highly dependent on its food production. Parts of Ghana are prone to droughts and flood events due to increasing variability of precipitation phenomena. Crop growth is sensitive to the wet- and dry-spell phenomena during the rainy season. To support rural communities and small farmer in their efforts to adapt to climate change and natural variability, it is crucial to have good predictions of rainfall and related dry/wet spell indices. This research constitutes an attempt to assess the dry-spell patterns in the northern region of Ghana, near Burkina Faso. We aim to develop a model which by exploiting satellite products overcomes the poor temporal and spatial coverage of existing ground precipitation measurements. The main objective is to reproduce the dry spell sequences as seen by the rain gauges (point scale) in the region of Northern Ghana based on satellite precipitation products (CMORPH, TAMSAT, IMERG). We will compare conventional statistical tools and Machine Learning classification models and deep-learning algorithms to establish a link between satellite products and field rainfall data for dry-spell assessment. The deep-learning architecture used should be able to process satellite images efficiently. Hence, several Convolutional Neural Network architectures were tested as classifiers. Using these models we will attempt to exploit the long temporal coverage of the satellite products in order to overcome the poor temporal and spatial coverage of existing ground precipitation measurements. Doing that, our final objective is to enhance our knowledge about the dry-spell characteristics and, thus, provide more reliable climatic information to the smallholder farmers in the area of Northern Ghana.

Automatic Extraction of Ridge Structures from Digital Elevation Models for the modelling software D-HYDRO

Automatic Extraction of Ridge Structures from Digital Elevation Models for the modelling software D-HYDRO By Thirza van Noppen with supervisor: Ruud van der Ent In order to avoid substantial damage as a result of flooding and extreme water discharges, it is of considerable importance to model flood events as it can help in flood risk reduction and mitigation. Numerous hydrodynamic simulation models have been designed for the purpose of modelling the movement of water and are widely used to assess flooding risk. The simplest and most common practice in these models is to use one-dimensional (1D) models that treat flow one-dimensionally along the river channel. Alternatively, two-dimensional (2D) models can provide more detailed results but they remain computationally demanding and data intensive. Recent advances and software developments resulted in novel mechanisms that can reduce computation costs. One of these mechanisms is the incorporation of fixed weirs in a hydrodynamic model. Fixed weirs represent abrupt changes in altitude that have an impact on the local flow during flooding. The fixed weirs can be incorporated into modelling software such as 3Di, HEC-RAS and D-HYDRO Suite. The weir elements are aligned on the 2D-grid network, hence the resolution of the model can be kept large while sudden changes in depth are taken into account. Until now, fixed weirs are still drawn manually or with the aid of existing data of roads or railways, which is a labor-intensive and time consuming process. In addition, the process of manually drawing fixed weirs is a subjective process and is therefore largely dependent on the interpretation of the modeler. The main objective of this study is to develop a tool that can automatically detect ridge structures based on a digital elevation model (DEM). Subsequently, the results of the tool will be evaluated in a D-HYDRO model developed for the river Roer (which is located in the province Limburg in The Netherlands). In order to do so, three approaches will be compared: a model with fixed weirs detected by the tool, a model containing no fixed weirs, and one with manually drawn fixed weirs.

Develop a monitoring scheme for the WaterStreet’s living lab

By Alexandra Vyrini, with supervisor Dr.ir. M.M. Rutten Climate and land use change pose a threat to urban environments as they are positively correlated with the increase in extreme phenomena. Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) can provide an alternative way to reduce the discharge of water to the stormwater sewer system by increasing the permeability of the pavement and creating storage underneath. Although these sustainable urban drainage systems sound very promising, they are often facing many obstacles before full-scale implementation. Lack of public awareness and the inertia of system’s change due to governance, regulations and institutional constraints put a brake towards the implementation of innovative solutions. In this regard, WaterStreet (https://thegreenvillage.org/project/waterstraat/) is a living lab that tries to reduce the effect of the factors mentioned before, by demonstrating and testing new solutions towards a sustainable urban stormwater management, without the involvement of the government. The aim of WaterStreet is to make the jump to the market smaller. From a technological perspective the reliability of SUDS’s performance is regarded the most important factor for end users to incorporate them in city planning. Maintenance of the systems, underlying soil type and vegetation are some of the factors that can affect the long-term performance of SUDS. Monitoring can be an important tool to investigate the performance of new SUDS before pilot implementation reducing the uncertainty for end users. It is therefor proposed to develop a monitoring scheme for the WaterStreet’s living lab that will enhance the knowledge on how these systems work in real live situations. A parallel study will be performed in order to include the need of data for simulation purposes. Simulation of those SUDS can be an important tool for city planning further accelerating the possibility of implementation of SUDS.

Develop a monitoring scheme for the WaterStreet’s living lab

By Alexandra Vyrini, with supervisor Dr.ir. M.M. Rutten Climate and land use change pose a threat to urban environments as they are positively correlated with the increase in extreme phenomena. Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) can provide an alternative way to reduce the discharge of water to the stormwater sewer system by increasing the permeability of the pavement and creating storage underneath. Although these sustainable urban drainage systems sound very promising, they are often facing many obstacles before full-scale implementation. Lack of public awareness and the inertia of system’s change due to governance, regulations and institutional constraints put a brake towards the implementation of innovative solutions. In this regard, WaterStreet (https://thegreenvillage.org/project/waterstraat/) is a living lab that tries to reduce the effect of the factors mentioned before, by demonstrating and testing new solutions towards a sustainable urban stormwater management, without the involvement of the government. The aim of WaterStreet is to make the jump to the market smaller. From a technological perspective the reliability of SUDS’s performance is regarded the most important factor for end users to incorporate them in city planning. Maintenance of the systems, underlying soil type and vegetation are some of the factors that can affect the long-term performance of SUDS. Monitoring can be an important tool to investigate the performance of new SUDS before pilot implementation reducing the uncertainty for end users. It is therefor proposed to develop a monitoring scheme for the WaterStreet’s living lab that will enhance the knowledge on how these systems work in real live situations. A parallel study will be performed in order to include the need of data for simulation purposes. Simulation of those SUDS can be an important tool for city planning further accelerating the possibility of implementation of SUDS.

Assess the potential of a weir as mechanism for contributing to a sustainable sand balance on the Volta River

By Jon Arends, with supervisor Prof. dr. ir. Nick Van de Giesen Tamale, a city in the Northern Region of Ghana is rapidly urbanizing resulting in a large demand for residential and commercial construction, roads and infrastructure to meet the needs of the growing population. This infrastructure is primarily composed of concrete, which requires large volumes of sands and aggregates in its production. These sands and aggregates come primarily from two sources: marine and terrestrial. Terrestrial sand is used which is generally sourced from river channels and flood plains. When sand and aggregates are extracted at volumes that far exceed the rate of replenishment, it often causes grave environmental consequences. In Tamale, terrestrial sand is used for concrete works. It is estimated that between 50-65% of sand and aggregates is excavated from the river beds and walls of the Volta River with volumes expected to grow to meet the cities demands. Without proper guidance to maintain a sustainable sand balance, the Tamale region of the Volta River may experience habitat transformation, erosion, channel incision, decreased water supply and increased flood risk. Weirs are being explored to regulate the water supply for the city. Consequently, sand and aggregates will settle upstream of the weir. Can these weirs be used to sustainably remove sand from the Volta River without long term damage? How much sand could safely be removed? Questions like these hope to be answered in this research.

Assess the potential of a weir as mechanism for contributing to a sustainable sand balance on the Volta River

By Jon Arends, with supervisor Prof. dr. ir. Nick Van de Giesen Tamale, a city in the Northern Region of Ghana is rapidly urbanizing resulting in a large demand for residential and commercial construction, roads and infrastructure to meet the needs of the growing population. This infrastructure is primarily composed of concrete, which requires large volumes of sands and aggregates in its production. These sands and aggregates come primarily from two sources: marine and terrestrial. Terrestrial sand is used which is generally sourced from river channels and flood plains. When sand and aggregates are extracted at volumes that far exceed the rate of replenishment, it often causes grave environmental consequences. In Tamale, terrestrial sand is used for concrete works. It is estimated that between 50-65% of sand and aggregates is excavated from the river beds and walls of the Volta River with volumes expected to grow to meet the cities demands. Without proper guidance to maintain a sustainable sand balance, the Tamale region of the Volta River may experience habitat transformation, erosion, channel incision, decreased water supply and increased flood risk. Weirs are being explored to regulate the water supply for the city. Consequently, sand and aggregates will settle upstream of the weir. Can these weirs be used to sustainably remove sand from the Volta River without long term damage? How much sand could safely be removed? Questions like these hope to be answered in this research.

Inundation of unprotected areas due to flexible water level management around the IJsselmeer and Markermeer

By: Lisa Goossens Since 2019 Rijkswaterstaat is applying a flexible water level management in the IJsselmeer and Markermeer. It offers the manager the opportunity to adjust for (extreme) weather conditions and the demand for drinking water. By maintaining an higher water level at the end of winter, an extra water buffer can be created of 390 million m3. During a dry summer the northern part of the Netherlands can be provided with fresh water from the buffer which can be used for agriculture, industry, drinking water and recreation. In addition, the water level will drop and rise in a more natural way with an higher water level in early spring and reaching lower water levels at the end of the summer. This can be seen in figure 1 in which the green line represents the flexible water level management. However, at the end of winter/early spring, the chance of flooding of unprotected areas increases due to the higher water levels in the IJsselmeer and Markermeer as a consequence of the flexible water level management. What kind of areas will become inundated and what is the function of these areas? How much will they be flooded? These kind of questions will be answered during my research and I want to define the consequences of the flexible water level management regarding flood risk of unprotected areas. Figure 1: Current and former water levels in the IJsselmeer.

Inundation of unprotected areas due to flexible water level management around the IJsselmeer and Markermeer

By: Lisa Goossens Since 2019 Rijkswaterstaat is applying a flexible water level management in the IJsselmeer and Markermeer. It offers the manager the opportunity to adjust for (extreme) weather conditions and the demand for drinking water. By maintaining an higher water level at the end of winter, an extra water buffer can be created of 390 million m3. During a dry summer the northern part of the Netherlands can be provided with fresh water from the buffer which can be used for agriculture, industry, drinking water and recreation. In addition, the water level will drop and rise in a more natural way with an higher water level in early spring and reaching lower water levels at the end of the summer. This can be seen in figure 1 in which the green line represents the flexible water level management. However, at the end of winter/early spring, the chance of flooding of unprotected areas increases due to the higher water levels in the IJsselmeer and Markermeer as a consequence of the flexible water level management. What kind of areas will become inundated and what is the function of these areas? How much will they be flooded? These kind of questions will be answered during my research and I want to define the consequences of the flexible water level management regarding flood risk of unprotected areas. Figure 1: Current and former water levels in the IJsselmeer.

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What trees teach us about sustainable production of materials

Trees are excellent teachers when it comes to making materials for load-bearing structures with as little resources and energy as possible. One of their secrets? When a tree grows, the direction of the wood grain adapts itself to fit the load that part of the tree is going to bear.

Exhale Sluitingsweek: A week of free events to say goodbye to Exhale and cosy up for Winter

De allerlaatste Exhale Week vindt plaats van 25 november tot 1 december en staat volledig in het teken van afscheid nemen van Exhale en het omarmen van de winter.

TIL student Laura Drechsel wins Q-Park thesis award

TIL student Laura Drechsel wins the 2024 Q-Park Student Award with her thesis called: Stories of Aging and Access - Exploring capabilities and challenges of accessibility for urban elderly through microstories. Her award-winning thesis can be found here .

TU Delft jointly wins XPRIZE Rainforest drone competition in Brazil

TU Delft jointly wins in the XPRIZE Rainforest competition in the Amazon, Brazil Imagine using rapid and autonomous robot technology for research into the green and humid lungs of our planet; our global rainforests. Drones that autonomously deploy eDNA samplers and canopy rafts uncover the rich biodiversity of these complex ecosystems while revealing the effects of human activity on nature and climate change. On November 15, 2024, after five years of intensive research and competition, the ETHBiodivX team, which included TU Delft Aerospace researchers Salua Hamaza and Georg Strunck, achieved an outstanding milestone: winning the XPRIZE Rainforest Bonus Prize for outstanding effort in co-developing inclusive technology for nature conservation. The goal: create automated technology and methods to gain near real-time insights about biodiversity – providing necessary data that can inform conservation action and policy, support sustainable bioeconomies, and empower Indigenous Peoples and local communities who are the primary protectors and knowledge holders of the planet’s tropical rainforests. The ETHBiodivX team, made of experts in Robotics, eDNA, and Data Insights, is tackling the massive challenge of automating and streamlining the way we monitor ecosystems. Leading the Robotics division, a collaboration between TU Delft’s Prof. Salua Hamaza, ETH Zurich’s Prof. Stefano Mintchev and Aarhus University’s Profs. Claus Melvad and Toke Thomas Høye, is developing cutting-edge robotic solutions to gather ecology and biology data autonomously. “We faced the immense challenge of deploying robots in the wild -- and not just any outdoor environment but one of the most demanding and uncharted: the wet rainforests. This required extraordinary efforts to ensure robustness and reliability, pushing the boundaries of what the hardware could achieve for autonomous data collection of images, sounds, and eDNA, in the Amazon” says prof. Hamaza. “Ultimately, this technology will be available to Indigenous communities as a tool to better understand the forest's ongoing changes in biodiversity, which provide essential resources as food and shelter to the locals.” . . . .

Moving the Closet

You simply cannot miss it, it is big and magenta: the Pink Closet . On 12 November 2024 the Pink Closet will head to the Main Hall of the TU Delft Library for the first time! The Pink Closet will take its place at the Nook, where it will feature as part of the Studium Generale programme on loneliness. More information on events that coincide with and incorporate the Pink Closet at TU Delft Library will soon be available on the website of Studium Generale .

Green ammonia remains a challenge, but researchers make significant progress

The production of ammonia, essential for fertiliser production, is responsible for almost 1.5% of global carbon emissions. This needs to be greener, which is why researchers have been looking for sustainable alternatives for years.

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